Sentences with phrase «specific brain neurons»

Drug addiction results from adaptations in specific brain neurons caused by repeated exposure to a drug of abuse.

Not exact matches

In the direct reprogramming, the researchers exposed the adult skin cells to a specific mix of signaling molecules the scientists» past research had found would convert healthy skin cells directly into a type of brain cell called medium spiny neurons, without intermediate steps along the way.

In a study published in the current issue of Neuron, researchers showed mice lacking ErbB4 activity in specific brain regions performed poorly on timed attention tasks.

Many neuroscientists had long believed that the only way to extract data from the brain specific enough to control an external device was to penetrate the cortex and sink electrodes into the gray matter, where the electrodes could record the firing of individual neurons.

The MIT scientists have learned that the two brain regions sustain concentration when the neurons emit pulses of electricity at specific rates — faster frequencies for the automatic processing of the parietal cortex, slower frequencies for the deliberate, intentional work of the prefrontal.

Conventional approaches to understanding consciousness are generally concerned with the contribution of specific brain areas or groups of neurons.

Neurons, the functional units of our brain, develop through differentiation of neuronal precursors, a process that depends on coordinated activation of hundreds and possibly thousands of neuron - specific genes.

Seeking additional insight into similar mechanisms at work in other centers of the brain, Donato and his team discovered that the signal to develop one area known to be involved in more abstract functions, including memory and navigation, originated from deep within the brain, in a specific population of neurons that kicks off the maturation of an entire neural network.

However, all the lesions were part of the same functional network, located on different parts of a single circuit that normally allows neurons throughout the brain to cooperate with each other on specific cognitive tasks.

Ramsey's brain is already changing as his neurons learn to fire in specific ways that better control the synthesizer.

Using a mouse model, the team also demonstrated that two processes during neurodevelopment are regulated by the gene: proliferation — the replication of neuronal stem cells that have the potential to become multiple different kinds of cells, including neurons — and migration — the movement of neurons to specific locations in the brain during development.

More than 2000 such neurons are organized into 50 types, each of which transmits information to a specific region of the fly's poppy seed - sized brain.

When THC strikes specific cannabinoid receptors, it triggers domino chains of interacting molecules in neurons that culminate in both unusually elevated and abnormally low levels of various neurotransmitters (the molecules that brain cells use to communicate with one another).

A major challenge in repairing the brain is obtaining cortical neurons from the appropriate layer and area in order to restore the damaged cortical pathways in a specific manner.

Imaging scans show the brain shifts its activity (measured by blood flow and oxygenation, indicating which neurons are heavily used at a specific time) from the prefrontal executive control regions to subcortical reactive emotion areas.

Axons sprout from neurons and then migrate to specific parts of the developing brain where they interact with other neurons to form neural networks.

Their brains are smaller and contain fewer neurons, and researchers have powerful genetic tools for monitoring and perturbing specific neurons and neural circuits in these insects.

Using tissue - like mesh electronics, by comparison, researchers may be able to read signals from specific neurons over time, potentially allowing for the development of improved brain - machine interfaces for prosthetics.

She and her graduate student Sebastian Moeller used electrodes to prod neurons in specific face patches, while observing the rest of the brain with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Neurons release neurotransmitters that are taken up by specific receptors, but many glial cells receive and emit neurotransmitters that float through the brain as free agents.

A team of brain injury experts led by researchers at the VA Puget Sound Health Care System and the University of Washington have found that the more blasts veterans are exposed to, the more they show chronic changes in neuron activity in specific brain regions.

In a paper published in the journal Neuron, researchers at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC) identified specific neural circuitry responsible for rousing the brain of mice in simulated apnea conditions.

The group employed various viral tracing methods — infecting receptor - expressing neurons with a virus strain and watching them spread as they label infected cells with a fluorescent protein — to visualize the neural circuit downstream of the ESP1 receptor, as well as providing an image of nerve fibers belonging to specific neurons in the brain and synapses relaying impulses from neuron to neuron, to map the anatomical foundation that conveys ESP1 signals in the brain.

Research carried out by the Perception and Memory team (Institut Pasteur / CNRS), directed by Pierre - Marie Lledo, a CNRS Director of Research, has recently revealed the specific role of these neurons produced in the adult brain.

Their end goal is to identify specific populations of neurons in the fruit fly brain that are necessary for emotion primitives — and whether these functions are conserved in higher organisms, such as mice or even humans.

To make the approach feasible in humans, researchers need to design nanoparticles that are «very, very selective» in their ability to target specific brain structures and neurons, Sastre says.

She did so by activating neurons in a specific region of the hypothalamus, deep in the center of the brain.

«Our results show we can detect a specific pattern of activity between neurons in the brain, recording instantaneous exchanges between them as persistent signals that can later be visualized under a microscope,» Gallio said.

Buchanan found that he could boost variability by manipulating a specific set of neurons in the brain region called the central complex.

The study supports the importance of the serotonin which is specified and maintained by a specific gene, the Pet - 1 gene — for normal functioning of the neurons, synapses and networks in the cortex, as well as proper development of brain circuitry.

«If miR - 10b - 5p measurements can provide a faster and more effective way to determine whether or not a specific treatment is protecting brain neurons, it may be possible to study more potential treatments for HD more quickly.

In a new study, published online Dec. 15 in the journal Current Biology, the researchers show for the first time that brain stimulation of specific neurons at a specific frequency can improve timing in mice that are missing dopamine.

That technology allows scientists to control the activation of neurons in any area of the brain that they expose to specific colors of visible light.

By pinpointing increases in blood oxygenation in the brain in response to different events — a sign that specific groups of neurons are active — fMRI is responsible for some of the hottest findings about the brain.

One of the primary missions of neuroscience is to make connections between particular neurons in the brain and specific behaviors.

But when Sirigu and colleagues used transcranial magnetic stimulation — a technique that employs magnetic fields to excite neurons in the brain — to stimulate specific fragments of the motor cortex, they found that the «hand areas» in the motor cortex of both men had reassumed their original «wiring.»

Doctors have had some success with deep brain stimulation (DBS), which suppresses the activity of neurons in a very specific portion of the brain.

A recent generation of studies of postmortem brain tissue from people with schizophrenia, particularly from the laboratory of Professor David Lewis and his colleagues at the University of Pittsburgh, have shed light on schizophrenia - related abnormalities in the interplay of the main excitatory neurons, pyramidal neurons, and a specific class of inhibitory nerve cells, called chandelier cells, in the prefrontal cortex.

Working with Bhaduri, who has a background in statistics and bioinformatics, Pollen and Nowakowski began exploring how specific classes of neurons and stem cells in the developing brain contribute to normal brain growth as well as to neurodevelopmental disease, and have begun to build a comprehensive, open - source atlas of gene expression across the developing brain, which they hope will serve as a resource for other scientists.

In the brains of fruit flies, specific neurons are tuned for directional information about a movement and pass this information into separate, independent layers of the brain.

All brain functions depend on proper connections within specific networks of neurons.

Their findings, published November 17 in the journal Nature Neuroscience, show that in the core of the brain's reward system are specific neurons that are active both with use of and withdrawal from nicotine.

Researchers had long known that a handful of sex - specific neurons must be present in male brains for the first steps of this courtship ritual to commence.

Researchers from King's College London have discovered a specific class of inhibitory neurons in the cerebral cortex which plays a key role in how the brain encodes spatial information.

«We wanted to activate with magnetism a specific set of neurons in the brain responsible for pleasure,» Güler said.

Now, for the first time, a team of scientists led by Professor Simon Schultz and Dr Luca Annecchino at Imperial College London has developed a robot and computer programme that can guide tiny measuring devices called micropipettes to specific neurons in the brains of live mice and record electrical currents, all without human intervention.

This method allows specific targeting within the brain and tight control of the timing of activating or inactivating neurons.

This will consist of injecting the neurons into specific areas of the patient's brain with a small neurological procedure, much the like one used to perform routine biopsies.

Dr. Tye and her team discovered a role for brain cells that secrete dopamine, dopamine neurons, in a specific brain region which showed changes in activity after social isolation.

Our current goal is to manipulate the activity of neurons in a specific node of this network, the prefrontal cortex, to test specific hypotheses regarding the role of this brain area in these two basic functions.