Sentences with phrase «specific brain structures»

Specific brain structures (amygdala, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex) are adversely affected by stress.

Brain damage — from stroke, for example — often impairs multiple brain areas, he said, complicating the task of identifying the cognitive contributions of specific brain structures.

But the very focal brain injuries analyzed in the study allowed the researchers «to draw inferences about how specific brain structures are necessary for performance,» Barbey said.

«Males and females differ in specific brain structures.»

New studies released today reveal links between social status and specific brain structures and activity, particularly in the context of social stress.

To make the approach feasible in humans, researchers need to design nanoparticles that are «very, very selective» in their ability to target specific brain structures and neurons, Sastre says.

Not exact matches

Some of the specific brain regions that sprang into action when Kurzweil was thinking outside the box: the dorsal anterior cingulate, which lies in the frontal lobes deep inside the brain, just above the band of fibers that connect the two hemispheres; the back part of the parietal lobes; and the right cerebellum, a cauliflower - shaped structure that lies at the base of the brain.

Justin points to evidence that suggests specific structures in gay men and women's brains may have developed in ways that are more typical for the opposite sex, possibly due to differing hormone levels in the womb.

Studying mice, investigators from Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis showed that a specific energy source called NAD is important in cells responsible for maintaining the overall structure of the brain and for performing complex cognitive functions.

Using functional magnetic resonance imaging — a technique that monitors brain activity in real time — the Johns Hopkins group found reversing a decision requires ultrafast communication between two specific zones within the prefrontal cortex and another nearby structure called the frontal eye field, an area involved in controlling eye movements and visual awareness.

These studies are hampered by large natural variation from person to person, which makes it hard to align brain scans to reveal key differences in specific structures.

They caution that additional research is needed to track changes in fitness and brain structure over time, as well as clarify the impact of specific exercise programs (such as strength, aerobic or combined training) or dose of exercise (frequency, intensity, duration) on white matter microstructure.

Our results constitute evidence for the involvement of a specific mammalian brain structure in magnetoreception.

Humans can easily learn foreign words that refer to a specific object, and it was assumed that chimps and other animals could not, perhaps owing to their different brain structure.

Neuroimaging studies have linked intelligence to the developmental course of specific high - order brain regions (Shaw et al., 2006), total brain volume and focal brain structure (Thompson et al., 2001; Haier et al., 2004; Colom et al., 2006; Hulshoff Pol et al., 2006; Choi et al., 2008), microstructural organization of white matter (Chiang et al., 2009), and the functional dynamics of specific high cognitive brain regions (Duncan et al., 2000; Gray et al., 2003; Choi et al., 2008; Song et al., 2008).

Reported differences in the structure of a specific brain region (SDN - POA) between heterosexual and homosexual men.

«The function of the brain arises not just from interactions between individual neurons but also from the combined activity of groups of neurons arranged in specific structures,» neurosurgeon Isaac Chen of the University of Pennsylvania who not involved in the study, tells The Scientist by email.

â $ œWe believe that imaging technology may help us find the signature changes in brain structure that are specific to MCI,» Â says Felicia Goldstein, PhD, associate professor of neurology.

«It tells you about the ecosystem of the tumour», Simona says, «using fluorescent markers, we can label many specific cell types and structures within the brain in the vicinity of the tumour, and look not just at the tumour cells but how they interact with their surroundings.

Some of the other tests of brain structure and function were promising, but overall this study indicates that a specific change in nutrition is unlikely to make a large difference to people with Alzheimer's, even in the early stages.

Depending on stimulation parameters (frequency, intensity, pulse duration, stimulation site), repetitive TMS (rTMS) to specific cortical regions can either increase or decrease the excitability of the affected brain structures.

«By studying how damage to particular brain regions produces specific forms of cognitive impairment, we can map the architecture of the mind, identifying brain structures that are critically important for specific intellectual abilities.»

By analyzing multiple patients with damage to a particular voxel or cluster of voxels and comparing their cognitive abilities with those of patients in whom the same structures were intact, the researchers were able to identify brain regions essential to specific cognitive functions, and those structures that contribute significantly to intelligence.

Theirs is one of the largest and most comprehensive analyses so far of the brain structures vital to general intelligence and to specific aspects of intellectual functioning, such as verbal comprehension and working memory.

By manipulating a specific gene in a mouse blastocyst — the structure that develops from a fertilized egg but is not yet an actual embryo — scientists with the University of Florida's McKnight Brain Institute and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute caused cells destined to build an embryo to instead change direction and build the cell mass that leads to the placenta.

October 18, 2011 Young human - specific genes correlated with brain evolution Young genes that appeared since the primate branch split from other mammal species are expressed in unique structures of the developing human brain, a new analysis finds.

Using these techniques, scientists have found progressive changes in the HD brain as time goes on, including shrinkage of specific structures, and the growth of the ventricles as the brain tissue around them degenerates.

Hundreds of octopus - specific genes were identified, with many highly expressed in structures such as the brain, skin and suckers.

The IMYC responds to the specific development needs of 11 - 14 year olds, providing structures and systems that support the needs of the adolescent brain

Multiple studies have found parallels in brain structure and even identified specific gene analogues when comparing affected humans and canines.

Biochemistry has wide scope and deals with diverse topics, such as molecular genetics, the structure and function of nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, enzymology, metabolism and bioenergetics, hormones and vitamins and the specialized biochemistry of specific organisms or tissues such as muscle or the brain.

ECD programmes can take many forms, including promotion of good health and nutrition, support for safe and stimulating environments, protection from risks such as violence or abandonment, parenting support and early learning experiences, media, preschools and community groups.4 Poverty is the key underlying cause of poor child development; children living in poverty are exposed to many negative influences, including poor physical environments, inadequate nutrition, parental stress and insufficient cognitive stimulation.5 Undernutrition can influence brain development directly by affecting brain structure and function, or indirectly via poor physical or motor development, in addition to other pathways.6 — 8 Exposure to multiple co-occurring risks most likely contributes to greater disparities in developmental trajectories among children with differential exposure.9 — 12 This paper focuses on associations between specific aspects of children's physical environments — access to improved water and sanitation (W&S)-- and childhood development as measured by performance on a test of receptive language.

Researchers have found that Self - Esteem is not stored in a specific structure of the brain, but rather within a particular pathway in the brain (the frontostriatal pathway).

The brain expects that it will acquire grammar and already has dedicated brain systems and structures ready to acquire the grammar of language, but each specific language will have its own unique grammatical structure.

Callous - unemotional traits and brain structure: Sex - specific effects in anterior insula of typically - developing youths.