An inherent problem with this approach is that the presence of
specific cell surface markers does not directly reflect the transcriptional state of a cell.
By means of a non-obese diabetic / severe combined immunodeficiency disease (NOD / SCID) xenotransplant assay in combination with
specific cell surface markers (CD44 + CD24 - / low), CSCs were enriched from metastatic and primary breast tumors and were shown to have the ability to reestablish tumor heterogeneity after transplantation [1].
Significantly, cells with reduced mtDNA became self - renewing and expressed
specific cell surface markers characteristic of breast cancer stem cells.
Not exact matches
Several studies have used
cell -
surface markers — proteins found on the outer membranes of tumor
cells — to identify glioblastoma stem
cells; but the
specific markers used have been controversial and can not reflect molecular processes going on within tumor
cells.
The use of
cell surface markers to isolate
specific cell populations is one common method for separating
cells; however, isolating live
cells based on their RNA expression is a powerful new way enabling the study of small
cell niches in nongenetically modified animal models and human tissue.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet have identified
cell surface markers specific for the very earliest stem
cells in the human embryo.
The cancer
cell marker that Johnson and her team identified was a
specific change in protein glycosylation, that is, a unique pattern of sugars decorating a protein found on the
cell surface.
Each well holds a
specific antibody that will bind selectively to one type of cancer
cell type, based on genetic
markers on its
surface.
«But the desired
cells often lack a readily accessible
surface marker, or that
marker is not
specific enough, as is the case for cardiac muscle
cells.
There are no
specific markers to identify them; however, they are negative for hematopoietic
cell markers like CD34 / 45 / HLA - DR and express CD90 / 73/105 on their
surface 2, 3, 4.
Asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 is a
specific cell -
surface marker for isolating hepatocytes derived from human pluripotent stem
cells.
To characterize activation of immune
cells, measurement of intracellular signaling using phospho -
specific antibodies combined with immune phenotyping using
surface markers is ideal.
Cells were stained with antibodies
specific for human
cell surface markers: CD326 / ESA - FITC, CD24 - PE, and CD44 - PE - Cy7 (BD Pharmingen, San Jose, CA, USA).
Luckily, different
cell types tend to have different things on their
surfaces, which play particular parts in their specialized roles in the tissue, so it is a matter of identifying and targeting
cell -
surface markers that are
specific to these abnormal
cell types.
These
cells often have virus -
specific T
cell receptors, as well as other
surface markers that distinguish them from their youthful counterparts, and they are thought to play a major role in the decline of the immune system with age.
ES
cells can be described based on a characteristic morphology, the presence of
cell surface markers such as SSEA - 1 and Pecam1, or the expression of the key transcription factors such as Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, and a number of ES
cell -
specific transcripts (ECATs)[4]--[6].
The success of
marker - based approaches for dissecting haematopoiesis in mouse and human is reliant on the presence of well - defined
cell surface markers specific for diverse progenitor populations.