Sentences with phrase «specific cell types in»

Finally, the strategy applied here for selective delivery of MK801 can be extended to other small molecules for use in brain tissue (Tian et al., 2012), allowing for an approach that combines chemistry, molecular genetics, and neurobiology to dissect cell signaling pathways in specific cell types in the central nervous system.

Compared with other viral vehicles, the immune system tends to ignore AAV, and the carrier is able to target specific cell types in the body.

The system, originally developed in 2007 and refined by Wall and Callaway for targeting specific cell types in 2010, uses a modified version of the rabies virus to «infect» a brain region, which in turn targets neurons that are connected to it.

In particular, they are now looking for expertise in molecular biology, especially in virus - based techniques for introducing new genes into specific cell types in the grid - cell circuit.

The researchers found that Zika targeted two specific cell types in mice: spermatogonia, which make sperm, and Sertoli cells, which are involved in helping sperm develop and sheltering them from the blood and immune system, building what's called the blood - testis barrier.

Dsx expression level manipulation has been found to affect cell number of a sex - specific cell type in the Drosophila brain [25].

Not exact matches

Zygotes generate specific types of cells in an orderly progression.

In the direct reprogramming, the researchers exposed the adult skin cells to a specific mix of signaling molecules the scientists» past research had found would convert healthy skin cells directly into a type of brain cell called medium spiny neurons, without intermediate steps along the way.

While all cells in a specific organism share the identical DNA sequence, only a fraction of those genes are activated in a given cell type.

This cell - type - specific analysis was essential to demonstrate that there is a close interplay between epigenetic mechanisms and the spatial folding of the DNA in the cardiomyocytes» nucleus.

Because every cell type in a mammalian organism requires access to genomic areas in a tempo - spatial specific manner, the epigenome is crucial for determining cellular identity.

The study, published in Nature Communications, builds on previous observations from the same team who found that a specific type of cells regulate antibody production.

It is emerging that the chemical structure of RNA molecules is extensively modified by specific enzymes normally present in our cells, which are commonly found to be altered in severe medical syndromes and various types of cancers.

«This is exactly the technology you could use to look for epigenomic changes in specific cell types,» says Martienssen, who is also on the International Human Epigenome Consortium's steering committee.

Therefore, it is essential that we learn how specific types of chemical modifications normally regulate RNA function in our cells, in order to understand how dysregulation of this process contributes to human disease, says Cristian Bellodi.

«If we fed the fish a specific type of fat, our technique allowed us to determine into what molecules these lipids were reassembled after they were broken down in the small intestine and in which organs and cells these molecules ended up,» Farber explained.

«We found the correct cell types homed in to specific regions in the organ matrix,» says Ott.

«Just as normal cells with the same genome differentiate into many different cell types, a single tumor characterized by specific genetic mutations can contain many different types of cells — stem - like and more differentiated cells — with the difference being rooted in their epigenetic information.

«The challenge has been how to direct certain therapies designed to manipulate genes of interest in specific cells without developing a specific drug carrier for each specific cell type.

Cultures representing two other hereditary liver diseases, alpha 1 — antitrypsin deficiency (a protein - folding disorder that leads to cell death and liver failure) and glycogen storage disease, type 1a (in which a liver enzyme deficiency impairs the body's glucose metabolism), also displayed disorder - specific abnormalities.

The two - part approach netted a set of mutations seen only at relapse that enabled the team to sift and sort leukemic and normal stem cells using tools developed in the Dick lab a few years ago to zero in on specific cell types fated to relapse.

To do so they focused on keratinocytes, a specific type of skin cells with a key role in psoriasis because of their abnormal growth and ability to produce large amounts of inflammation promoting factors.

Identifying changes in the mitochondrial DNA in PPN cholinergic neurons has the potential to allow the development of more effective treatments targeted to specific cell - types.

Most cancer vaccines developed to date have been designed to recognize and attack a specific known molecule — such as a cell - surface receptor — that is likely to be found on cancerous cells in any patient with that type of tumor.

«Only by understanding the complexities of what happens in specific cell - types found in specific areas of the brain during this disease can targeted treatments for Parkinson's disease be produced.»

To better understand how this abnormal distribution of B cell types in people with uncontrolled HIV affected their immune response to the virus, researchers compared HIV - specific antibodies derived from both TLM and RM B cells.

The Karlssons were referred to the Karolinska University Hospital in Stockholm, where physicians proposed a radical strategy: Harvest a specific type of stem cell from the liver of an aborted fetus and infuse it through the umbilical vein into the fetus that Madeleine was carrying.

Scientists are hopeful that ultimately these cells could be transformed in the laboratory to yield specific cell types needed for a particular treatment, or to cross the «blood - brain barrier» by expressing specific therapeutic agents that are released directly into the brain.

Luster's team hopes to further investigate the characteristics of joints that underlie the critical role of C5a in initiating type III hypersensitivity and whether specific molecules expressed on endothelial cells lining joints play a role in transporting C5a and chemokines from the joint space into adjacent blood vessels.

This is particularly important as it indicates the method can be used in a variety of cell types to create disease models and contribute to the discovery of new disease - specific therapeutics.

To better determine the role of specific chemoattractants in type III hypersensitivity, lead author Yoshishige Miyabe, MD, PhD, a research fellow in Luster's lab, used multiphoton intravital microscopy — an imaging technology pioneered for studies of immune cell movements in living animals by CIID investigator and co-author Thorsten Mempel, MD, PhD — to follow in real time the development of IC - induced arthritis in a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis.

In a previous related study published in the Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, the same team of NTU scientists found that fish scale - derived collagen would induce human umbilical vein endothelial cells to express 2.5 times more of a specific type of collagen responsible for blood vessel formation, as compared to endothelial cells cultured on bovine collageIn a previous related study published in the Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, the same team of NTU scientists found that fish scale - derived collagen would induce human umbilical vein endothelial cells to express 2.5 times more of a specific type of collagen responsible for blood vessel formation, as compared to endothelial cells cultured on bovine collagein the Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, the same team of NTU scientists found that fish scale - derived collagen would induce human umbilical vein endothelial cells to express 2.5 times more of a specific type of collagen responsible for blood vessel formation, as compared to endothelial cells cultured on bovine collagein Medicine, the same team of NTU scientists found that fish scale - derived collagen would induce human umbilical vein endothelial cells to express 2.5 times more of a specific type of collagen responsible for blood vessel formation, as compared to endothelial cells cultured on bovine collagen.

In earlier studies involving animal models and human cancer cell lines, researchers found that breast cancer spreads when three specific cells are in direct contact: an endothelial cell (a type of cell that lines the blood vessels), a perivascular macrophage (a type of immune cell found near blood vessels), and a tumor cell that produces high levels of Mena, a protein that enhances a cancer cell's ability to spreaIn earlier studies involving animal models and human cancer cell lines, researchers found that breast cancer spreads when three specific cells are in direct contact: an endothelial cell (a type of cell that lines the blood vessels), a perivascular macrophage (a type of immune cell found near blood vessels), and a tumor cell that produces high levels of Mena, a protein that enhances a cancer cell's ability to spreain direct contact: an endothelial cell (a type of cell that lines the blood vessels), a perivascular macrophage (a type of immune cell found near blood vessels), and a tumor cell that produces high levels of Mena, a protein that enhances a cancer cell's ability to spread.

We not only introduced the gene into specific brain regions of the mouse, but we could also direct it to specific cell types to test which ones played a role in regulating sociability.»

In Arabidopsis, as in most plants, there is a specific zone near the tip of the root where stem cells transition from a stage of proliferation to one where they differentiate into specific tissue typeIn Arabidopsis, as in most plants, there is a specific zone near the tip of the root where stem cells transition from a stage of proliferation to one where they differentiate into specific tissue typein most plants, there is a specific zone near the tip of the root where stem cells transition from a stage of proliferation to one where they differentiate into specific tissue types.

An APC - mimetic scaffold that was engineered to activate a specific type of CAR - T cell was able to generate higher numbers of the modified T cells over longer periods of culture than analogously designed expansion beads, and the resulting cells were similarly effective in killing the lymphoma cells in the mice.

We hope that this tool will help researchers gain new biological insights from transcriptome datasets in the future and provide information for diseases that affect specific cell types.»

While the genetic code carried in our DNA provides instructions for cells to manufacture specific proteins, it is a second code that determines which genes are in fact activated in particular cell types.

«Use of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology» — which involves taking skin cells from patients and reprogramming them into embryonic - like stem cells capable of turning into other specific cell types relevant for studying a particular disease — «makes it possible to model dementias that affect people later in life,» says senior study author Catherine Verfaillie of KU Leuven.

Though a range of developmental scenarios in multiple brain regions is surely at work in ASDs, the researchers said the ability to place these specific genetic mutations in one specific set of cells — among hundreds of cell types in the brain, and at a specific point in human development — is a critical step in beginning to understand how autism comes about.

Tavazoie points out that «it is remarkable that within a single cell type, synonymous changes in genetic sequence can dramatically affect the levels of specific proteins, their transcripts, and the way a cell behaves.»

The specific pattern of epigenetic marks in a cell type specifies identity and this epigenetic control is vital to what makes our cells different, for example a skin cell from a liver cell, when they all contain the same genetic instructions.

Rutgers University scientists have discovered the three - dimensional structure of a gene - specific transcription activation complex, providing the first structural and mechanistic description of the process cells use to turn on, or activate, specific genes in response to changes in cell type, developmental state and environment.

«We want to perturb and monitor individual cell types in highly specific ways,» Brian Chow said.

By providing a means to link proteins directly to specific cell types, the authors believe that this new method will be useful in studies of cell - cell communication and biomarker discovery.

«Ideally, specific cell types within these circuits could be targeted in order to shift attention away from unhealthy cues such as high - calorie food cues.

In the different cell types, the loops begin and end at different specific chromosomal locations, so each cell line's genome appears to have a unique population of loops.

As expected, only the immature stem cell type was identified in such pre-implanted embryos, which indicates that the antibodies are highly specific.

For example, how genetic programs affect the function of specific cell types, how they vary early or later in life and how dysfunction in these programs might contribute to disease, all of which could help scientists learn more about the fundamental workings of the brain.

They induce CD4 + helper T cell responses, which in turn activate cytotoxic T cells and direct them to recognize and fight specific types of cancer.