Sentences with phrase «specific cells and gene»

Now researchers at UC San Francisco have taken the first step toward a comprehensive atlas of gene expression in cells across the developing human brain, making available new insights into how specific cells and gene networks contribute to building this most complex of organs, and serving as a resource for researchers around the world to study the interplay between these genetic programs and neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism, intellectual disability and schizophrenia.

Not exact matches

These proteins constantly move along the strands of our DNA, turning specific genes on and off to make sure cells function as expected.

Lu's team will extract immune cells called T cells from the blood of the enrolled patients, and then use CRISPR — Cas9 technology — which pairs a molecular guide able to identify specific genetic sequences on a chromosome with an enzyme that can snip the chromosome at that spot — to knock out a gene in the cells.

Using a mouse model, the team also demonstrated that two processes during neurodevelopment are regulated by the gene: proliferation — the replication of neuronal stem cells that have the potential to become multiple different kinds of cells, including neurons — and migration — the movement of neurons to specific locations in the brain during development.

Anne Goriely of the University of Oxford and her colleagues took tumour cells from men with benign testicular tumours and looked for specific mutations in the FGFR3 and HRAS genes.

The results showed that, when applied, a long - term inhibition of Rho - kinase signaling increased the expressions of chondrocyte - specific genes and differentiation markers in human chondrosarcoma 2/8 cells.

In those cells the Esrp1 and Esrp2 proteins enforce epithelial - specific splicing isoforms for hundreds of different genes, as Carstens and his team have shown in studies since 2009.

When they deleted YY1 from male and female cells and compared genes that were differentially expressed on the X chromosome, they found 68 that were specific to females, one that was specific to males and 11 that were shared.

Our cells rely on RNAi — deploying diminutive RNA molecules such as microRNAs and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs)-- to turn down activity of specific genes.

Berninger and others have previously shown that Sox2, Ascl1, and other transcription factors — proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences to control the activity of genes — can induce the nonneuronal «support cells» known as glia to turn into neurons.

The findings highlight specific sets of genes and the brain cells they affect as being involved in regulating anxiety.

Researchers at the Center for Cell and Gene Therapy at Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital and Houston Methodist have developed an alternative treatment in which virus - specific cells protect patients against severe, drug - resistant viral infections.

The Rho - kinase inhibition stimuli under low oxygen conditions (of 5 percent oxygen atmosphere), which is a condition corresponding to conditions in the body's cartilage, produced a more effective increase in chondrocyte - specific gene expression and synthesis of extracellular matrix components by HCS - 2 / 8 cells.

Of the 68 genes specific to females, many were related to immunity, and at least two are known to be overexpressed in human female B cells compared to male B cells.

The researchers then isolated the B cells from these mice and delivered sgRNAs specific for individual genes to these cells.

Epigenetic changes do not alter the information encoded in the DNA sequence itself but determine whether and to what extent specific genes are used by cells.

Working with prepubescent mouse pups, Oatley and his colleagues put a fluorescent tag on a gene specific to stem cells.

When the team measured gene expression first in the stem cells, and then re-evaluated the cells once they had become neurons, very specific differences emerged between the cells derived from bipolar disorder patients and those without the condition.

Her research team placed the evolutionarily conserved castor (Cas) gene, which encodes a zinc finger protein, in a genetic circuit with two other evolutionarily conserved genes, hedgehog (Hh) and eyes absent (Eya), to determine the fates of specific cell progeny (daughters).

Cells can be transfected with selected genes with specific properties as a means of evaluating the mechanisms of interaction between cells and chemiCells can be transfected with selected genes with specific properties as a means of evaluating the mechanisms of interaction between cells and chemicells and chemicals.

When Cas9 and the short guide RNA targeting a disease gene are delivered into cells, a specific cut is made in the genome, and the cells» DNA repair processes glue the cut back together, often deleting a small portion of the genome.

Mammalian hairs and avian feathers develop from a similar primordial structure called a «placode»: a local thickening of the epidermis with columnar cells that reduce their rate of proliferation and express very specific genes.

«Identifying targets essential to cell survival in tumor suppressor genes has long been an investigational goal with the aim of offering cancer - specific vulnerabilities for targeted therapy,» said Ronald DePinho, M.D., professor of Cancer Biology, MD Anderson president, and senior author for the Nature paper.

«Because many broadly expressed genes that play key roles in essential cellular functions are under the control of cell - specific enhancers, the ability to affect enhancer function by knocking down eRNAs could potentially provide a new strategy for altering gene expression in vivo in a cell - specific manner,» said Glass, noting that in his research, anti-sense oligonucleotides were developed in conjunction with Isis Pharmaceuticals, which suppressed enhancer activity and reduced expression in nearby genes.

Glk1 is a transcription factor, meaning it binds to specific regions of DNA and activates genes involved in cell death and other plant immune responses.

Using the Single - Cell Automatic Analysis and Isolation System developed in 2013, this group isolated single OSNs responding to specific odorants in a time - lapse single - cell - array cytometric manner and identified the OR gene through single cell polymerase chain reaction (PCell Automatic Analysis and Isolation System developed in 2013, this group isolated single OSNs responding to specific odorants in a time - lapse single - cell - array cytometric manner and identified the OR gene through single cell polymerase chain reaction (Pcell - array cytometric manner and identified the OR gene through single cell polymerase chain reaction (Pcell polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Without my specific blend of cells, tissues, genes, and experiences, there would be no individual person to take these tests, no personality to try to understand what the results mean.

Thus, this cDNA derives from a gene (oct - 2) that specifies an octamer binding protein expressed preferentially in B lymphocytes, proving that, for at least one gene, a cell - specific transcription factor exists and its amount is controlled through messenger RNA availability.

Rutgers University scientists have discovered the three - dimensional structure of a gene - specific transcription activation complex, providing the first structural and mechanistic description of the process cells use to turn on, or activate, specific genes in response to changes in cell type, developmental state and environment.

The researchers used tools of epigenomic analysis to trace the specific epigenetic switches controlling each of thousands of genes in both mouse and human retinal cells as the cells progressed through development.

In addition, the two genes are turned on in areas that are part of the cortico - striatal - thalamo - cortical circuit, a loop of brain cells connecting the cortex to specific regions involved in processing emotions and movement.

«The beauty of this study is that we now have a system in which we can investigate how a signaling cell uses these two genes Yorkie and Scalloped, which have never before been shown in blood, to direct specific cells to be made,» said Dr. Martinez - Agosto, associate professor of human genetics.

«Heart toxin reveals new insights into HIV - 1 integration in T cell genome: Digoxin exposes link between T cell activation and targeted HIV - 1 integration in specific genes.»

Hendrik is preparing the publication of the most complete woolly mammoth genome yet, and Harvard geneticist George Church's team is already working to introduce specific DNA variants — genes for hair, tusks, subcutaneous fat and cold resistance — into cultured cells from Asian elephants (right).

Doing the screen involves using short pieces of RNA, called small hairpin RNAs, which are inserted into the cell and are able to halt messages from specific genes, keeping the genes from making proteins.

The software allowed them to cluster genes into groups associated with specific molecular processes and see which processes in tumors and blood cells were associated with each other.

The ability to manipulate specific genes within these hippocampal chandelier cells may allow for more meticulous studies of several diseases, including epilepsy and schizophrenia, in which these neurons have been implicated.

Using bioinformatics tools to identify and map out specific components and regulatory interconnections, the study team found highly dynamic activities during CD8 + T cell responses: a distinct repertoire of super enhancers — groups of enhancers that interact with promoters to drive gene transcription, new groups of enhancers that jump into activity only in the memory cell stage, and extensive re-wiring of regulatory circuits from one cell stage to another.

While both species carry a core group of similar programs to regulate gene activity, the researchers found that differences appeared in specific tissue and cell types.

For example, information stored in the chromatin silence liver specific genes in heart cells and vice versa.

Using biopsies of the patients» tumors collected before the start of treatment and at the time patients developed resistance, the researchers performed large - scale genomic analyses to search for mutations specific to the cancer cells in all of each patient's 20,000 genes.

Working with Bhaduri, who has a background in statistics and bioinformatics, Pollen and Nowakowski began exploring how specific classes of neurons and stem cells in the developing brain contribute to normal brain growth as well as to neurodevelopmental disease, and have begun to build a comprehensive, open - source atlas of gene expression across the developing brain, which they hope will serve as a resource for other scientists.

We first considered that this could be an experimental artifact, since it is common for developmental genes to be expressed only in a few specific cells, which could lead to the signals from the marks being diluted out and not detected.

The researchers expected that in these quiescent stem cells, the genes specific for other tissues like skin and brain would be marked by «stop» signals.

«Research on Drosophila guided this work, and will be essential to identifying the specific human factors and their genes that re-program egg cells and make development possible.»

And, in the future, the potential to insert barcodes in genes and the development of in - line ID kits, that recognize specific strains of cell lines, could make it easier to verify new organisms and their protein products, and track products through supply chaiAnd, in the future, the potential to insert barcodes in genes and the development of in - line ID kits, that recognize specific strains of cell lines, could make it easier to verify new organisms and their protein products, and track products through supply chaiand the development of in - line ID kits, that recognize specific strains of cell lines, could make it easier to verify new organisms and their protein products, and track products through supply chaiand their protein products, and track products through supply chaiand track products through supply chains.

Wong and his team then inserted another gene in the same cell that made a modified recombinase, activated only when bound to a specific drug; without it, the recombinase wouldn't cut the DNA.

Over a period of nine months, the team monitored cell function and growth by measuring levels of liver - specific proteins and genes.

This allowed them to identify specific genes that are turned on or off by co-regulators of gene function called TAZ and YAP in the nucleus of developing mouse Schwann cells.

«Understanding how Cas9 is able to locate specific 20 - base - pair target sequences within genomes that are millions to billions of base pairs long may enable improvements to gene targeting and genome editing efforts in bacteria and other types of cells,» says Doudna who holds joint appointments with Berkeley Lab's Physical Biosciences Division and UC Berkeley's Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Department of Chemistry, and is also an investigator with the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI).