Sentences with phrase «specific cells of the immune system»

For immunization, these injectable hydrogels could be administered like standard vaccines, but stimulate specific cells of the immune system for longer, controlled periods of time and potentially avoid the need for boosters.»

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) A virus spread through bodily fluids that affects specific cells of the immune system.

Not exact matches

According to a team of researchers led by Dr. Michael Julius, a specific protein in breast milk, CD14, helps jump start an infant's immune system and develop essential B cells, which are instrumental in the development of antibodies.

Previously, Derek Danahy of the University of Iowa and colleagues showed that sepsis disrupts the immune system by reducing the amount and function of memory T cells that circulate throughout the body, recognizing and attacking specific bacteria, viruses, or cancer cells.

Taking a closer look, the team found that the onset of sepsis disrupts the normal activity of specific interferons, signaling proteins used for communication between immune system cells.

Chronic HIV infection results in exhaustion of the immune system, a phenomenon characterized by dysfunctional HIV - specific killer T cells.

The sex - specific differences — the smaller hippocampus, the presence of fewer nerve cells, the existence of immune system macrophages in places they shouldn't be — were also found in adulthood.

Researchers at Penn State have combined the two approaches by taking biodegradable polymer nanoparticles encapsulated with cancer - fighting drugs and incorporating them into immune cells to create a smart, targeted system to attack cancers of specific types.

T cells, along with B cells and others, comprise the adaptive arm of the immune system, the body's second line of defense which quickly attacks and «remembers» specific pathogens.

As part of this system, two enzymes called Rag1 and Rag2 cut apart and rearrange DNA within immune cells, helping to create the body's millions of unique antibodies and T cell receptors — each specific for a particular microbe.

In a decades - long game of hide and seek, scientists from Sydney's Westmead Institute for Medical Research have confirmed for the very first time the specific immune memory T - cells where infectious HIV «hides» in the human body to evade detection by the immune system.

These cells, in turn, instruct factor - VIII — specific immune cells to become tolerant to the coagulation protein, resulting in suppression of misdirected antibody responses to the replacement therapy — all without affecting the rest of the immune system.

The findings provide new insights into the immune system's T cells, each of which possesses receptor proteins that allow it to recognize a specific pathogen.

But if the immune system is indeed attacking the corneal protein identified by the Cantor group, the discovery could «in principle allow us to disrupt or arrest this component» of the attack, says M. Reza Dana, an ophthalmologist and ocular immunologist at Harvard Medical School, perhaps by inactivating the specific set of immune cells responsible for it.

They work by sticking to specific proteins found on the surface of cancer cells, flagging them up to be killed by the immune system.

For example, he's designing nanoparticles that bait specific immune system cells by displaying certain features on their surface; inside, the nanoparticles contain an antigen of a particular microbe.

«Adenosine deaminase may help the immune system fight HIV on its own: Adenosine deaminase enhances anti-HIV-1 specific immune responses by reducing the action of cells that impede HIV - specific defenses.»

Replacement tissue that avoids rejection by a patient's immune system is a step closer to the clinic, as researchers have created human embryonic stem cells carrying the DNA of specific adults.

In their work, the scientists were able to demonstrate that the transfer of just a few specific immune cells is sufficient to protect the recipient with the weakened immune system against infections.

Johannes Scheid, a student in Nussenzweig's lab, isolated it several years ago from an HIV - infected patient whose immune system had an exceptional ability to neutralize HIV in the blood by preventing the virus from infecting and destroying a specific type of immune cells, called CD4 cells, in patients.

«Brain cancer cells are very good at evading the host immune system, because they do not express specific targets that can be recognized by immune cells,» said Liau, professor and vice chair of neurosurgery.

Researchers from immune biology professor Annette Oxenius's group have now discovered what keeps NK cells from killing off their «colleagues from the other department» of the immune system: healthy CD8 + cells are able to detect the immune messenger substance type 1 interferon, which binds to specific receptors on the surface of these immune cells and thereby conceals their stress.

Drew Pardoll, Glenn Dranoff, Elizabeth Jaffee, Hyam Levitsky, and colleagues conduct preclinical studies showing that a vaccine composed of tumor cells irradiated and genetically modified to produce immune system growth factor GM - CSF (granulocyte - macrophage colony - stimulating factor)-- which would become known as the therapeutic cancer vaccine GVAX — could induce potent, specific, and long - lasting anti-tumor immunity in multiple mouse tumor models.

Charles Janeway introduces the hypothesis that «components of the innate [immune] system, especially antigen - presenting cells such as DCs, required the microbial stimuli contained in [adjuvants] to become activated and acquire the capacity to induce productive responses from antigen - specific lymphocytes.

Adaptive or Acquired Immune System — Also known as the specific immune system, it is composed of highly specialized cells that, when working properly, are specific to a particular patSystem — Also known as the specific immune system, it is composed of highly specialized cells that, when working properly, are specific to a particular patsystem, it is composed of highly specialized cells that, when working properly, are specific to a particular pathogen.

Our increased understanding in areas such as stem - cell biology, human immune systems, and identification of disease - specific biomarkers all have contributed significantly to that progress.

The current study suggests that the mammalian immune system has evolved such that each group of Th17 cells specific to a pathobiont bacterial species is paired with a second set of T regulatory cells that shuts down those Th17 cells, creating tolerance to the bacterial strain at hand.

«Having a very efficient and practical way of generating patient - specific stem cells, which unlike human embryonic stem cells, wouldn't be rejected by the patient's immune system after transplantation brings us a step closer to the clinical application of stem cell therapy,» says Belmonte, PhD., a professor in the Gene Expression Laboratory and director of the Center of Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona, Spain.

Complete phenotyping of the mouse immune system by polychromatic and mass cytometry (CYTOF), thanks to a set of standardised protocols enabling isolation of viable cells from lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs (lung, skin, intestine,...) for labelling using complex ranges of antibodies whose compatibility allows the simultaneous registration of 50 quantitative parameters at least (size, structure, specific antibodies and cell viability).

These cells often have virus - specific T cell receptors, as well as other surface markers that distinguish them from their youthful counterparts, and they are thought to play a major role in the decline of the immune system with age.

Using gene - targeted mice and human cells that lack specific components of the immune system, a better understanding of the immune response to DENV and ZIKV is critical for developing much - needed vaccines and antivirals.

We use the Cre - loxP recombination system to generate mice with cell type - specific inactivation of the IL - 10 gene in order to identify cellular sources of the cytokine that are relevant in various situations of immune challenge.

This is in part a problem of configuration: a lifetime of exposure to persistent pathogens such as herpesviruses leaves too much of the immune system uselessly devoted to specific targets that it can not effectively clear from the body, and too little left ready to fight new threats and destroy malfunctioning cells.

Natural killer (NK) cells, the «rapid response» cells of the innate immune system, can kill virally infected cells and thereby slow down an infection until antigen - specific and clonally - expanded cytotoxic T cells can be recruited to finish the job.

In a study conducted at the University of Texas Medical Center in Houston, researchers found that a water extraction of astragalus restored or enhanced the function of T - cells (white blood cells that play specific roles in the immune system) taken from people with cancer.

The thymus is the small organ in the lymphatic system that makes T - cells, [29] which are highly specialized immune cells that target specific types and strains of microbes, like viruses.

These cells, along with dendritic cells, recognize the incoming undigested food particles, toxic agents, and bacterial components as foreign invaders, and present them to cells of the adaptive immune system called T and B lymphocytes, leading to clonal expansion (proliferation or multiplication of specific subsets of T and B cells) and recruitment of more pro-inflammatory immune cells to the gut through a process called leukocyte homing.

In the opposite situation, when a healthy immune system reacts to environmental factors through cytokine production, PRPs send signals via specific cell receptor sites to decrease the production of cytokines in order to balance the immune system.

by specific direct stimulation of immune system's Natural Killer Cells.

Inflammation from eosinophilic asthma occurs as part of an allergic or immune system response, which releases a specific white blood cell called eosinophils.

The immune system is made up of a team of different types of cells that, while each having their own specific function, work together to protect the body from foreign invaders: B - cells produce antibodies; T - cells conduct surveillance for potentially dangerous molecules and kills dangerous cells such as disease - causing bacteria; and macrophages are the scavenger cells of your body acting like garbage trucks, cleaning up residue and removing potentially dangerous substances.

It prevents a certain specific group of lymphocytes (immune system cells) the helper T - lymphocytes, from transmitting chemical messages (calcineurin / interleukins) that result in histamine release from your dog's skin mast cells.

Some of Novartis» promotional information on Atopica is highly misleading, such as the statement found on their website that «ATOPICA targets only the specific cells in the immune system that cause the allergic reaction.»

Pet lymphoma originates in cells known as lymphocytes, which are a specific type of white blood cell of the immune system.

ACT - activated clotting time (bleeding disorders) ACTH - adrenocorticotropic hormone (adrenal gland function) Ag - antigen test for proteins specific to a disease causing organism or virus Alb - albumin (liver, kidney and intestinal disorders) Alk - Phos, ALP alkaline phosphatase (liver and adrenal disorders) Allergy Testing intradermal or blood antibody test for allergen hypersensitivity ALT - alanine aminotransferase (liver disorder) Amyl - amylase enzyme — non specific (pancreatitis) ANA - antinuclear antibody (systemic lupus erythematosus) Anaplasmosis Anaplasma spp. (tick - borne rickettsial disease) APTT - activated partial thromboplastin time (blood clotting ability) AST - aspartate aminotransferase (muscle and liver disorders) Band band cell — type of white blood cell Baso basophil — type of white blood cell Bile Acids digestive acids produced in the liver and stored in the gall bladder (liver function) Bili bilirubin (bile pigment responsible for jaundice from liver disease or RBC destruction) BP - blood pressure measurement BUN - blood urea nitrogen (kidney and liver function) Bx biopsy C & S aerobic / anaerobic bacterial culture and antibiotic sensitivity test (infection, drug selection) Ca +2 calcium ion — unbound calcium (parathyroid gland function) CBC - complete blood count (all circulating cells) Chol cholesterol (liver, thyroid disorders) CK, CPK creatine [phospho] kinase (muscle disease, heart disease) Cl - chloride ion — unbound chloride (hydration, blood pH) CO2 - carbon dioxide (blood pH) Contrast Radiograph x-ray image using injected radiopaque contrast media Cortisol hormone produced by the adrenal glands (adrenal gland function) Coomb's anti- red blood cell antibody test (immune - mediated hemolytic anemia) Crea creatinine (kidney function) CRT - capillary refill time (blood pressure, tissue perfusion) DTM - dermatophyte test medium (ringworm — dermatophytosis) EEG - electroencephalogram (brain function, epilepsy) Ehrlichia Ehrlichia spp. (tick - borne rickettsial disease) EKG, ECG - electrok [c] ardiogram (electrical heart activity, heart arryhthmia) Eos eosinophil — type of white blood cell Fecal, flotation, direct intestinal parasite exam FeLV Feline Leukemia Virus test FIA Feline Infectious Anemia: aka Feline Hemotrophic Mycoplasma, Haemobartonella felis test FIV Feline Immunodeficiency Virus test Fluorescein Stain fluorescein stain uptake of cornea (corneal ulceration) fT4, fT4ed, freeT4ed thyroxine hormone unbound by protein measured by equilibrium dialysis (thyroid function) GGT gamma - glutamyltranferase (liver disorders) Glob globulin (liver, immune system) Glu blood or urine glucose (diabetes mellitus) Gran granulocytes — subgroup of white blood cells Hb, Hgb hemoglobin — iron rich protein bound to red blood cells that carries oxygen (anemia, red cell mass) HCO3 - bicarbonate ion (blood pH) HCT, PCV, MHCT hematocrit, packed - cell volume, microhematocrit (hemoconcentration, dehydration, anemia) K + potassium ion — unbound potassium (kidney disorders, adrenal gland disorders) Lipa lipase enzyme — non specific (pancreatitis) LYME Borrelia spp. (tick - borne rickettsial disease) Lymph lymphocyte — type of white blood cell MCHC mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (anemia, iron deficiency) MCV mean corpuscular volume — average red cell size (anemia, iron deficiency) Mg +2 magnesium ion — unbound magnesium (diabetes, parathyroid function, malnutrition) MHCT, HCT, PCV microhematocrit, hematocrit, packed - cell volume (hemoconcentration, dehydration, anemia) MIC minimum inhibitory concentration — part of the C&S that determines antimicrobial selection Mono monocyte — type of white blood cell MRI magnetic resonance imaging (advanced tissue imaging) Na + sodium ion — unbound sodium (dehydration, adrenal gland disease) nRBC nucleated red blood cell — immature red blood cell (bone marrow damage, lead toxicity) PCV, HCT, MHCT packed - cell volume, hematocrit, microhematocrit (hemoconcentration, dehydration, anemia) PE physical examination pH urine pH (urinary tract infection, urolithiasis) Phos phosphorus (kidney disorders, ketoacidosis, parathyroid function) PLI pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (pancreatitis) PLT platelet — cells involved in clotting (bleeding disorders) PT prothrombin time (bleeding disorders) PTH parathyroid hormone, parathormone (parathyroid function) Radiograph x-ray image RBC red blood cell count (anemia) REL Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever / Ehrlichia / Lyme combination test Retic reticulocyte — immature red blood cell (regenerative vs. non-regenerative anemia) RMSF Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever SAP serum alkaline phosphatase (liver disorders) Schirmer Tear Test tear production test (keratoconjunctivitis sicca — dry eye,) Seg segmented neutrophil — type of white blood cell USG Urine specific gravity (urine concentration, kidney function) spec cPL specific canine pancreatic lipase (pancreatitis)-- replaces the PLI test spec fPL specific feline pancreatic lipase (pancreatitis)-- replaces the PLI test T4 thyroxine hormone — total (thyroid gland function) TLI trypsin - like immunoreactivity (exocrine pancreatic insufficiency) TP total protein (hydration, liver disorders) TPR temperature / pulse / respirations (physical exam vital signs) Trig triglycerides (fat metabolism, liver disorders) TSH thyroid stimulating hormone (thyroid gland function) UA urinalysis (kidney function, urinary tract infection, diabetes) Urine Cortisol - Crea Ratio urine cortisol - creatine ratio (screening test for adrenal gland disease) Urine Protein - Crea Ratio urine protein - creatinine ratio (kidney disorders) VWF VonWillebrands factor (bleeding disorder) WBC white blood cell count (infection, inflammation, bone marrow suppression)