These new drugs target
the specific gene changes that cause cancer.
Not exact matches
The advance is based on a technique that allows scientists to narrow in on a
specific gene and cut - and - paste bits of DNA to
change its function, known as CRISPR - Cas9.
«Researchers have understood the importance of epigenetics in driving cancer growth, but the focus has been trying to reverse epigenetic
changes to
specific genes,» Feinberg says.
Larsson is at the forefront of merging paleontology and molecular biology in an effort to connect major evolutionary
changes — the development of new species and new characteristics, new shapes and structures, new kinds of animals — to
changes in
specific genes and in how those
genes are regulated.
But
gene - drive technology tilts the odds, so that a
specific change to one allele is inherited by a higher proportion of progeny.
For example,
changes in certain
genes could indicate that his cancer was more likely to respond to a particular drug, while other mutations might predict little benefit from a
specific therapy.
«U1 dysfunction might produce
changes in RNA processing affecting many
genes or
specific changes affecting a few key
genes that are important in Alzheimer's,» Lah says.
Keith Pardee, a colleague of Collins, improved the test by inserting tailor - made
gene switches that prevent any colour
change happening unless a very
specific target molecule is present.
The study shows that even small, tissue -
specific changes in the expression of
genes can have noticeable morphological effects.
Epigenetic
changes do not alter the information encoded in the DNA sequence itself but determine whether and to what extent
specific genes are used by cells.
NIPD for single
gene disorders in a fetus is diagnostic, as it targets
specific genetic
changes present in a high risk family.
But later in a pregnancy, even though the placenta does not obviously
change in appearance, it invokes
genes that are much newer and more species -
specific.
The
change in the
gene alters the BDNF protein: The amino acid methionine (Met) is incorporated at a
specific site in the protein instead of valine (Val).
The genomics era has had a profound impact on life science research, leading to significant developments such as the use of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs), which link polymorphisms in single
genes to quantifiable
changes in
gene expression associated with
specific diseases.
Genes with mammoth - specific changes were most strongly linked to fat metabolism (including brown fat regulation), insulin signaling, skin and hair development (including genes associated with lighter hair color), temperature sensation and circadian clock biology — all of which would have been important for adapting to the extreme cold and dramatic seasonal variations in day length in the Ar
Genes with mammoth -
specific changes were most strongly linked to fat metabolism (including brown fat regulation), insulin signaling, skin and hair development (including
genes associated with lighter hair color), temperature sensation and circadian clock biology — all of which would have been important for adapting to the extreme cold and dramatic seasonal variations in day length in the Ar
genes associated with lighter hair color), temperature sensation and circadian clock biology — all of which would have been important for adapting to the extreme cold and dramatic seasonal variations in day length in the Arctic.
Rutgers University scientists have discovered the three - dimensional structure of a
gene -
specific transcription activation complex, providing the first structural and mechanistic description of the process cells use to turn on, or activate,
specific genes in response to
changes in cell type, developmental state and environment.
In the lycopene experiment, Church did not know which modifications to make in the E. coli
genes to get the result he wanted, but the technique could just as easily be used to introduce
specific sets of
changes into a genome, inserting and deleting hundreds or thousands of
genes at once.
Knowing this, Dr. Soliman and colleagues decided to search the DNA of ALTS patients for
specific changes in
genes associated with scarring and wound healing.
During development, chromosomes are subject to chemical
changes that don't affect the nucleotide sequence but can turn
genes on or off; the best known example is methylation, in which a methyl group is attached to
specific DNA regions.
One such process is the wide - spread «stringent stress response» that uses
specific mediators called (p) ppGpp to orchestrate the expression of a plethora of
genes that help bacteria to cope with
changing environments.
If you make random
changes to a
gene, you'll still be able to get a protein out of the result about a third of the time (though for any
specific gene the ratio might be much higher or lower).
«Our studies clearly show that widespread species have a much more diverse intraspecific
gene pool than species that are adapted to a
specific habitat,» explains Dr. Jan Christian Habel of the Technical University in Munich, and he continues, «Once these animals — due to the fragmentation of their habitats — lose the opportunity to maintain this genetic diversity by means of exchange, they will no longer be able to adapt to
changing environmental conditions in the future.»
The ability to recognize
specific faces
changes the
genes at play in a wasp's brain (Polistes fuscatus shown).
In it, they sound the alarm about new genome - editing techniques known as CRISPR and zinc - finger nucleases that make it much easier for scientists to delete, add, or
change specific genes.
[This was] followed by rapid
change, along the five million years of the human lineage, that was concentrated on these
specific groups of
genes.»
Since our collection of cell lines is completely genetically annotated — which means that mutations and expression
changes in each line's
genes have been documented — we should be able to identify in advance patients who will benefit from
specific combinations.
We identified species -
specific gene expression patterns indicating that
changes in protein and
gene expression have been particularly pronounced in the human brain.
Two developed
changes in their mitochondrial DNA sequences, and all nine exhibited a shift in methylation of at least one of three
specific genes.
We're manipulating
genes in the cell nucleus to produce
specific proteins,
changing the normal recipe for growth and maturation, and transforming adult cells into a new type of cell with the ability to morph into any other cell type,» said Cooke, senior author and chair of the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences.
«Even though the
specific molecular
changes that are found in PCB - resistant tomcod and killifish are different, in both species AHR2 seems to be one of the
genes — possibly the major
gene — that is responsible for the resistance,» Hahn said.
He said the genome study detected
changes in one
specific gene involved in the body's temperature regulation that may be related to metabolic differences in whale cells.
Using this «Ribotag» approach tissue -
specific changes under DR have been measured in muscle, fat, gut, heart, neurons, germline and malpighian tubules, showing a highly tissue
specific response upon DR.. We are developing mechanistic models of
gene expression regulation and conducting comprehensive bioinformatics analyses on UTRs, promoters and the coding sequences of various elements of differentially regulated
genes.
In turn, his commitment has
changed the study of psychiatric disease into a molecular field based on rigorous analysis of the action of
specific genes and proteins.
Long - lasting
changes in brain connectivity require new
gene expression, and Dr. Martin has discovered a role for
specific signaling molecules that travel from stimulated synapses to the nucleus to
change the transcription of DNA to RNA.
The most radical news at the conference was the first reported use of CRISPR / Cas9 to generate precise genome edits (
changing only a single base pair) in two
genes, not only in cell lines in vitro, but also in
specific tissues of embryos in ovo.
By comparing
gene expression
changes induced upon expression of wild - type and mutant alleles, we inferred the activity of
specific alleles.
Because PMI dependent expression
changes are largely tissue -
specific, they could confound tissue differential
gene expression since the observed effects could be caused by differential response to PMI rather than by differences in tissue biology.
Between five and 10 % of all cancers are hereditary, which means that
changes (or mutations) in
specific genes are passed from one blood relative to another.
Dr. Pollard's group aims to pinpoint
specific DNA alterations in these sequences that are responsible for
changes in
gene expression.
We find that many
genes change expression over relatively short PMIs in a tissue -
specific manner, but this potentially confounding effect in a biological analysis can be minimized by taking into account appropriate covariates.
These include molecular evolution of transcription factors or
changes in transcriptional regulation (Enard et al., 2002; Konopka et al., 2009), accelerated evolution of small non-coding RNAs (Pollard et al., 2006),
changes in the tissue - specificity of enhancer elements (McLean et al., 2011; Prabhakar et al., 2008), or
changes in patterns of alternative splicing of
specific genes (Calarco et al., 2007).
My lab performs genetic testing when a physician needs to know whether a child carries a
specific gene mutation (
change in DNA) that causes disease.
It enables rank - and - file scientists — just about anyone with a modern laboratory and the right skills — to alter
specific genes within plants and animals and make those
changes heritable.
«When we looked at
gene expression, we found fairly small
changes in 65 million years of the macaque, orangutan, and chimpanzee evolution,» said study author Yoav Gilad, PhD, assistant professor of human genetics at the University of Chicago, «followed by rapid
change, along the five million years of the human lineage, that was concentrated on these
specific groups of
genes.
The current report, which appears in the May 4, 2012 issue of the journal Cell Stem Cell, shows that these cells can also
change their epigenomes, the patterns of DNA modifications that regulate the activity of
specific genes — sometimes radically.
The three - dimensional organization of the genome represents a cell - type
specific means to regulate
gene transcription; however, we currently lack a detailed understanding of the architectural
changes that occur during the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) due to the inherent inefficiency of the reprogramming process [1].
By manipulating a
specific gene in a mouse blastocyst — the structure that develops from a fertilized egg but is not yet an actual embryo — scientists with the University of Florida's McKnight Brain Institute and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute caused cells destined to build an embryo to instead
change direction and build the cell mass that leads to the placenta.
But rather than
changes in doublesex itself, these studies revealed
changes in downstream targets of dsx, via
changes to
specific DNA sequences to which DSX protein binds in the cis - regulatory regions of the bric - a-brac and desatF
genes and affecting sex differences in abdominal pigmentation and pheromone production.
Our observation that the V+S + fraction preferentially contributes to the VE when mixed with more ICM - like cells indicates that low - level lineage -
specific changes in
gene expression have functional consequences.
Makarevitch I, Harris C * (2010) Aneuploidy causes tissue -
specific qualitative
changes in global
gene expression patterns in maize.