Sentences with phrase «specific genes they control»

Starting in 1958, just five years after the discovery of DNA's double - helix structure, researchers suspected that a specific gene controls the orderly pairing of wheat chromosomes during reproduction.

Not exact matches

In both groups, 30 per cent of flies died, with specific defects showing that the silenced genes controlled mainly early - stage development.

Since beginning a lab dedicated to understanding cancer metastasis at Rockefeller six years ago, Associate Professor Sohail Tavazoie has found that microRNAs — tiny strands of RNA that function as switches to inactivate specific genes — play an important role in controlling genes linked to metastasis.

Berninger and others have previously shown that Sox2, Ascl1, and other transcription factors — proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences to control the activity of genes — can induce the nonneuronal «support cells» known as glia to turn into neurons.

«Genes previously linked to schizophrenia seem to be dependent on the controlled release of dopamine at specific locations in the brain.

Wyrick and his colleagues also saw less damage around transcription factors, proteins that bind to specific, short stretches of DNA and regulate gene expression by controlling which genes are turned on and off.

Based on previous work, the researchers had reason to think it was controlled by transcription factors — proteins that control the expression of certain genes by binding to DNA at specific locations to induce (or block) the transcription of information from DNA to RNA.

«Because many broadly expressed genes that play key roles in essential cellular functions are under the control of cell - specific enhancers, the ability to affect enhancer function by knocking down eRNAs could potentially provide a new strategy for altering gene expression in vivo in a cell - specific manner,» said Glass, noting that in his research, anti-sense oligonucleotides were developed in conjunction with Isis Pharmaceuticals, which suppressed enhancer activity and reduced expression in nearby genes.

The team recently received an internal campus grant to use the method to control gene activation in specific regions of the brain.

All of the diseases, which cause the death of brain cells involved in controlling body movements, have recently been traced to specific genes.

Thus, this cDNA derives from a gene (oct - 2) that specifies an octamer binding protein expressed preferentially in B lymphocytes, proving that, for at least one gene, a cell - specific transcription factor exists and its amount is controlled through messenger RNA availability.

The researchers used tools of epigenomic analysis to trace the specific epigenetic switches controlling each of thousands of genes in both mouse and human retinal cells as the cells progressed through development.

Significant differences were also discovered between the centenarians and the two control groups when their genotype frequencies were compared, in other words, the proportion of individuals with a specific gene sequence.

Previously, Shozo Kobayashi of the National Institute of Fruit Tree Science in Tsukuba, Japan, identified a specific gene that controls the production of this pigment in black - skinned grapes.

This and other studies suggest that DDT and the other pesticides may alter not only specific genes but also pathways of genes that collectively control the immune system or other systems that can be altered by chemicals.

«We may have discovered a major step toward developing a «dream tool» for remotely controlling neural circuits, by manipulating specific cells using engineered gene products that respond to magnets,» said Ali Deniz Güler, a UVA biology professor who led the study in his neuroscience lab.

This is important because knowledge of the way DNA folds inside the cell allows scientists to study how specific genes, and the DNA regions that control them, interact with each other.

Scientists have discovered many points of regulation in the process of using a specific DNA template to make a protein, known as gene expression, that allow the cell to control how much of a certain protein is made at a certain time.

By controlling the proteins that wrap the genes, scrawny can silence genes that would otherwise cause a generalized cell to differentiate into a specific type of cell, such as a skin or intestinal cell.

Remember that a gene is a set of instructions, spelled using the chemical «letters» A, C, G and T. Each gene has a different sequence of letters, and cells use zinc - containing proteins to help control individual genes based on their specific sequence of letters.

Analyses were performed with 5 animals per group (control, 3 h of hypoxia, and 24 h or recovery after 3 h hypoxia) to decrease bias that may be introduced by donor - specific gene expression patterns.

The National Human Genome Research Institute, part of the National Institutes of Health, has awarded $ 9.1 million over four years to a research team led by the University of Chicago to identify all regulatory elements, the DNA sequences that control when and where specific genes get turned on or off, in the fruit fly genome.

Although showing great promise in the laboratory, these technologies require control and safety measures that make sure the engineered microorganisms keep their functional gene circuits intact over many cell divisions, and that they are contained to the specific environments they are designed for.

Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) is a transcription factor required for liver development and the control of expression of liver - specific genes, and it is associated with several critical metabolic pathways [3].

Several recent studies have shown that cells can be returned to pluripotent state using «defined factors» (specific proteins that control which genes are active in a cell), a technique pioneered by Dr. Shinya Yamanaka, a professor at Kyoto University in Japan.

Developed in collaboration with the Laboratory Medicine, Information Technology and Health Science Research departments of Mayo Clinic Geneticist Assistant NGS Interpretative Workbench, is a web - based tool for the control, visualization, interpretation and historical knowledge base of next generation sequencing data targeted at specific genes for the purpose of identifying potentially pathogenic variants associated with specific conditions such as hereditary colon cancer.

For example the researchers used the CRE - ERT2 mouse model validated at the ICS, in which Cre function is controlled by the promoter of Atypical Notch ligand Delta - like homologue1 (Dlk1) under Tamoxifen activation, a skin fibroblast marker, to carry out temporal and tissue specific inactivation of key genes involved in skin fibroblast diversity.

Oocyte methylation is particularly involved in the control of parent - specific expression of imprinted genes.

Chromatin loops, which allow contacts between regulatory elements controlling gene expression, displayed cell type - specific patterns (B cells vs. iPSCs)

The origins of many of these and other genes specific to animal processes such as cell adhesion, and social control of cell proliferation, death and differentiation can be traced to genomic events (gene birth, subfamily expansions, intron gain / loss, and so on) that occurred in the lineage that led to the metazoan ancestor, after animals diverged from their unicellular «cousins».

By sequencing RNA from infected and uninfected control samples and identifying genes that are differentially regulated by infection status, it is possible for the first time to identify all genes regulated by a specific immune challenge independent of homology - based annotations.

«Our study also highlights that growth of normal cells and cancer cells is driven by different gene switches, suggesting that further work to find ways to control the activity of such disease - specific switches could lead to novel, highly specific approaches for therapeutic intervention», says Professor Jussi Taipale, who led the study.

While the ultimate goal for genome sequencing is to be able to link specific genes to the traits they control, the pumpkin sequencing results also revealed an interesting evolutionary history for Cucurbita species.

Dmrt1 (Doublesex and mab - 3 related transcription factor 1) is a testis - specific gene and actin was used as a loading control.

Then, the team cross-referenced the metabolite levels and diet histories with hundreds of thousands of spots in each subject's genome to see if specific genes appeared to control any of the metabolite levels.

Primers specific for the hygromycin resistance gene were used alongside control primers to sites in the Hex promoter region.

Expression of other three control genes (grey) indicates that the variability observed is specific.

The activated AHR / NuRD complex altered the expression of differentiation - specific genes that control the first two developmental decisions without affecting the pluripotency program.

Aedes aegypti do not produce offspring with other species so the control is species - specific and the genes don't spread.

«We generated DNA sequences consisting of the gene, either MIZ1 or SnRK2.2, with different «switches» to control the activation of the gene in specific layers of the root,» Nottingham's Daniela Dietrich explains to New Atlas.

Using the well - characterized signaling pathway of the phytohormone ethylene and plant - optimized genome - wide ribosome footprinting, we have uncovered a molecular mechanism linking this hormone's perception to the activation of a gene - specific translational control mechanism.

Scientists have learned how to manipulate this mechanism so that it essentially can be programmed to find and remove a specific sequence of DNA code — which acts like software for controlling genes — and replace it with a different sequence.

Our work indicates that only a small fraction of the population resides at the top of the hierarchy, that lineage priming (co-expression of stem cell and lineage specific genes) characterizes pluripotent stem cell populations, and that extrinsic signaling pathways are upstream of transcription factor networks that control pluripotency.

In this study, we examined whether the potential to utilise global regulatory mechanisms to control gene expression through chromatin organisation varies between housekeeping and tissue specific genes (Hkg and Tsg respectively) by virtue of their organisation.

A transgenic approach to control hemipteran insects by expressing insecticidal genes under phloem - specific promoters

They do not kill cancerous or viral cells, but regulate the action of specific genes that control the production of cellular proteins that affect cell growth.

In addition, several case - control studies have shown that specific forms of the gene that encodes glutathione S - transferase, which is the enzyme that metabolizes and helps eliminate isothiocyanates from the body, may influence the association between cruciferous vegetable intake and human lung and colorectal cancer risk (21 - 23).

Carcinogenesis is a complex process involving multiple sequential mutations, which occur randomly in the DNA of normal cells over many years, even decades, until finally specific genes are mutated and cell growth becomes out of control resulting in the full neoplastic phenotype and often metastasis.

He offers an in - depth look at how we can take control of our «smart genes» through specific dietary choices and lifestyle habits, demonstrating how to remedy our most feared maladies without drugs.

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