Sentences with phrase «specific population of cells»

Over time, specific populations of cells in the brain become dysfunctional or die.

Not exact matches

Neuroscientists at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) have mobilized advanced imaging and computational methods to comprehensively map — «count» — the total populations of specific types of cells throughout the mouse brain.

They demonstrated that non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice treated with a specific (AID / RAD51) pathway inhibitor had larger populations of certain B cells that were capable of suppressing diabetogenic T cell responses, and greatly reduced T1D development, compared with untreated controls.

In this study, the researchers found that a specific population of immune cells called macrophages have the ability to secrete or produce a protective or healing factor known as Interleukin - 10 (IL - 10), which can interact with receptors on intestinal epithelial cells to promote wound healing.

He then evaluated the levels of specific microRNAs in populations of highly metastatic, compared to poorly metastatic, cancer cells taken from the same patient.

PCC 7942) and observed marked differences in the levels of specific complexes in cell populations that were grown under nitrogen - depleted conditions.

By varying the compositions of lipids, cues, and diffusible factors in the scaffolds, we engineered a very versatile and flexible platform that can be used to amplify specific T cell populations from blood samples, and that could be deployed in existing therapies such as CAR - T cell therapies,» said Mooney, Ph.D., a Core Faculty member at the Wyss Institute and leader of its Immunomaterials Platform.

Led by Matthew P. Anderson, MD, PhD, Director of Neuropathology at BIDMC, the scientists determined how a gene linked to one common form of autism works in a specific population of brain cells to impair sociability.

Researchers take advantage of this feature to obtain populations of synchronized bacteria that can be used to study specific cell cycle processes.

A couple of other research groups have also sorted stem cells based on gene expression, but they have not done so specifically with the goal of enriching cell populations for a specific tissue, the researchers said.

Techniques enabling the isolation of specific cell populations have advanced our ability to identify and characterize niche cell types which may be used to replace or engineer cells / tissue.

The use of cell surface markers to isolate specific cell populations is one common method for separating cells; however, isolating live cells based on their RNA expression is a powerful new way enabling the study of small cell niches in nongenetically modified animal models and human tissue.

The code that a monkey's brain uses to represent faces relies not on groups of nerve cells tuned to specific faces — as has been previously proposed — but on a population of about 200 cells that code for different sets of facial characteristics.

In the different cell types, the loops begin and end at different specific chromosomal locations, so each cell line's genome appears to have a unique population of loops.

So I [thought], I know a little bit of immunology, I know a little bit of engineering, and I really want to talk about developing systems that can modulate antigen presentation or expand T cell populations in a specific direction.

«For the broad application of stem cell - derived pituitary cells in the future, cell replacement therapy may need to be customized to the specific needs of a given patient population,» Zimmer says.

A new study in Nature Genetics identifies a specific population of pluripotent embryonic stem cells that can reprogram to totipotent - like cells in culture.

When coexpressed with a recombinase, these intracellularly expressed ssDNAs target specific genomic DNA addresses, resulting in precise mutations that accumulate in cell populations as a function of the magnitude and duration of the inputs.

These proteins are crucial for tissue healing by instructing various processes, including the activation of specific stem cell populations, ensuring that lung tissue can be restored to its original condition.

A Ludwig Cancer Research study published online September 14th in Nature reports a novel technique to map specific chemical (or «epigenetic») modifications made to the protein packaging of DNA using a small population of cells.

However, another report found that miR - 7 expression correlated with poorer prognosis of breast cancer, and these apparently conflicting results suggest that miR - 7 may be differentially expressed in a specific cell population of breast cancer (26).

As a result, the mice developed significantly increased numbers of a specific cell population in the blood, which the researchers characterized as MDSCs.

Dr. Cui's research concluded that the cancer resistance was mediated by a specific population of leukocytes (granulocytes and monocytes) and that these cells, when transfused to a mouse with cancer, would cure the cancer.

This two - volume reference integrates this exciting area of biology, combining the prerequisites for a general understanding of adult and embryonic stem cells, the tools, methods, and experimental protocols needed to study and characterize stem cells and progenitor populations, as well as a presentation by the world's experts of what is currently known about each specific organ system.

With Dr. Bill Carlezon, Dr. McCullough is investigating the cell - type specific contributions of neuron populations within the nucleus accumbens to stress related pathologies.

As part of this global aim we have demonstrated that one of the most abundant stromal populations, the cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs), can sample and present tumour antigen to T cells in an antigen specific - antigen dependent manner resulting in T cell deletion.

Such performance - enhancing alterations will include reprogramming using non-integrating vectors or small molecules, the identification of the specific cell within the CS populations which provides therapeutic benefit, and the long - term consequences of CS cell transplantation.

We identify a population of mesodermal cells in a developing invertebrate, the marine annelid Platynereis dumerilii, that converges and extends toward the midline and expresses a notochord - specific combination of genes.

This may be relevant for understanding the evolution of the large human CMV - specific CD8 + T cell populations seen in humans.

However, with few exceptions, the stem cell and regenerative medicine industry has remained inadequately capitalized to carry out large - scale clinical trials independently, and major pharmaceutical firms have tended to show more interest in the use of hiPSCs as a source of large, pure populations of specific somatic cells for use in drug compound screening and toxicology tests, than they have in therapeutic uses of stem cells and their derivatives.

In this study, we show that in elderly individuals seropositivity for human CMV leads to the development of oligoclonal populations of CMV - specific CTL that can constitute up to one - quarter of the total CD8 T cell population.

Upon transfer of aged donor CD4 T cells to young hosts, there was significantly reduced expansion and germinal center (GC) differentiation of the antigen - specific B cell population after immunization.

To define the phenotype and function of specific cellular populations involved in the cross-talk between cancer and immune cells we make use of both flow - cytometry and mass - cytometry.

T - DDOGs also successfully regulated expression of channelrhodopsin - 2, commonly used in optogenetics, opening up the possibility of adapting GFP lines for optogenetics experiments in specific cell populations.

Senescence is a specific physiological stage of cells characterized by long population doubling time.

Janbazian L, Price DA, Canderan G, Filali - Mouhim A, Asher TE, Ambrozak DR, Scheinberg P, Boulassel MR, Routy JP, Koup RA, Douek DC, Sekaly RP, Trautmann L. Clonotype and repertoire changes drive the functional improvement of HIV - specific CD8 T cell populations under conditions of limited antigenic stimulation.

Through long - established collaborations in Durban and Kimberley, these studies in particular seek to define: the immune responses that are effective in control of HIV infection; the impact of HLA - mediated selection pressure on HIV at the individual and population level; the mechanisms of HIV non-pathogenicity; the nature and consequences of ontogeny of the virus - specific immune response; and finally the prospects for interventions including antiretroviral therapy, alone or in combination with broadly neutralising antibodies and / or T - cell vaccines, to achieve HIV eradication.

Our tool thus allows users with biological knowledge to study the possible effects that their set of SNPs might have on these genes and predict their cell - specific expression levels relative to the population.

Our findings suggest that pluripotency is determined by the capacity of a mixed population of lineage - biased intermediates to commit to different cell fates in specific contexts.

This novel pattern of a virus - specific CD8 + T cell response suggests that continuous or repetitive exposure to Ag can slowly mold memory T cell populations over time.

More than half of mammalian genes generate multiple messenger RNA isoforms that differ in their 3 ′ untranslated regions (3 ′ UTRs) and therefore in regulatory sequences, often associated with cell proliferation and cancer; however, the mechanisms coordinating alternative 3 ′ - UTR processing for specific mRNA populations remain poorly defined.

This is particularly true in the case of persistent herpesviruses such as human CMV, which are typified by large virus - specific CD8 + T cell populations during viral latency.

These cells were detected in the peripheral region of the EBs as specific cell populations, such as SSEA1 - positive, OCT -4-positive cells, OCT -4-positive, VASA - positive cells, and OCT -4-negative, VASA - positive cells.

We hypothesize that SSEA3 expression is either identifying another less differentiated and / or tissue specific stem cell like population that is retrieved with the donor skin biopsy or that with culture, a subpopulation of fibroblasts may acquire the ability to express SSEA3.

Our studies reveal the existence of two segregated excitatory synaptic microcircuits that propagate homeostatic sleep information from different populations of intrinsic MB «Kenyon cells» (KCs) to specific sleep - regulating MBONs: sleep - promoting KCs increase sleep by preferentially activating the cholinergic MBONs, while wake - promoting KCs decrease sleep by preferentially activating the glutamatergic MBONs.

This confirmed that the gene regulatory switch is highly specific to one cell type, monocytes and that tumor cell invasion in the absence of this population had nothing to do with deregulated macrophage activity.

It is important to distinguish lineage specific gene expression shown here, which occurs at a high level and with a degree of specificity in the different population compartments, to the low level of genome wide transcription observed in ES cells by others [22], or with transcript initiation at many loci noted previously in ES cells [23].

Finally, within the fractionated cell populations, there was evidence for coexpression of lineage specific markers alongside of pluripotency genes, similar to lineage priming described first in hematopoietic stem cells [15].

The success of marker - based approaches for dissecting haematopoiesis in mouse and human is reliant on the presence of well - defined cell surface markers specific for diverse progenitor populations.

Our work indicates that only a small fraction of the population resides at the top of the hierarchy, that lineage priming (co-expression of stem cell and lineage specific genes) characterizes pluripotent stem cell populations, and that extrinsic signaling pathways are upstream of transcription factor networks that control pluripotency.