The Productivity Commission is correct that dollars
spent per student increased by 14 % in real terms over the last decade.
While inflation - adjusted public
spending per student increased 27 percent between 1992 and 2014, an EdChoice study found, teacher wages actually fell an average of 2 percent during that time (in real dollars).
Not exact matches
New York
spent $ 21,206
per pupil compared to a national average of $ 11,392 in school year 2014 - 2015.38 Better targeting
spending to the highest needs districts would contain costs while ensuring that all
students have access to a sound basic education.39 The State wastes $ 1.2 billion annually on property tax rebates and allocates $ 4 billion annually on economic development
spending with a sparse record of results.40 Curtailing
spending in these areas would reduce pressure to
increase taxes and lessen the tax differential with other states.
The state
spending per non-public
student has also
increased since Cuomo took office.
Putting all of this together, the authors find that a 10 percent
increase in institutional
spending per student leads to a 3 percent
increase in enrollment and even larger percentage
increases in degree completion one to three years later.
[3] But what makes it particularly valuable is that it directly compares the impact of reducing sticker prices versus
increasing institutional
spending per student — and does so using a rigorous methodology that allows an estimate of causal effects, rather than just correlations between tuition, institutional
spending, and
student outcomes.
Importantly, as our results show, predicted
increases in
per - pupil
spending induced by SFRs are correlated not only with actual
spending increases, but with improved outcomes for
students as well.
Given that money
per se will not necessarily improve
student outcomes (for example, using the funds to pay for lavish faculty retreats or to shore up employee pension funds will likely not have a large positive effect on
student outcomes), understanding how the
increased funding was
spent is key to understanding why we find large
spending effects where others do not.
While there may be other mechanisms through which
increased school
spending improves
student outcomes, these results suggest that the positive effects are driven, at least in part, by some combination of reductions in class size, having more adults
per student in schools,
increases in instructional time, and
increases in teacher salaries that may help to attract and retain a more highly qualified teaching workforce.
Specifically,
increasing per - pupil
spending by 10 percent in all 12 school - age years
increases the probability of high school graduation by 7 percentage points for all
students, by roughly 10 percentage points for low - income children, and by 2.5 percentage points for nonpoor children.
Increased per - pupil
spending also has a positive effect on exposed
students» family income in adulthood.
The amount of money that colleges
spend per student has
increased significantly.
Also, instructional
per - pupil
spending has
increased in all affected public school districts, contradicting the belief that school choice programs take money away from public school
students, the report says.
The school system has
increased the amount of money it
spends per pupil and offers incentives to experienced teachers to encourage them to teach in schools with lower - performing
students.
In a new analysis, Douglas Webber of Temple University finds that
increased state for public - welfare programs — in particular, Medicaid — is the single biggest contributor to the decline in higher - education funding, with a $ 1
increase in
per capita public - welfare
spending associated with a $ 2.44 decrease in
per -
student higher - education funding.
What is worse than sluggish NAEP scores is their combination with steady, substantial
increases in
per -
student spending in public schools.
The 11th edition of the Washington - based association's yearly report says that although
spending per student has
increased nationwide by 53 percent in the past 20 years, 73 percent of public school 8th graders taking the National Assessment of Educational Progress mathematics exam in 2003 performed below the level of proficient.
Summing the added cost of the separate programs suggested by Picus and Odden, I estimate that the overall plan, if fully applied, would
increase average
spending in Washington by $ 1,760 to $ 2,760
per student, or 23 to 35 percent.
Increased school
spending per pupil does not necessarily result in higher
student achievement, as measured by «the nation's report card,» concludes a report from the American Legislative Council.
I find that state and local public - welfare
spending is easily the dominant factor driving budget decisions, with a $ 1
increase per capita associated with a $ 2.44 decrease in
per -
student higher - education funding — enough to explain the entire average national decline.
For example, looking at
spending per capita within each category rather than total
spending reveals that a $ 1
increase in
per - capita public welfare
spending is associated with as much as a $ 2.44 decrease in
per -
student higher - education funding.
Despite the marked decline in funding
per student, it isn't completely accurate to say that states are
spending less on higher education; in fact, total state and local
spending increased by 13.5 percent (in inflation - adjusted terms) from 1987 to 2015 nationwide.
Changes in historical shares of Catholics in the population that are associated with a 10 - percentage - point
increase in the private school share today lead to a $ 3,209 reduction in cumulative
spending per student, or 5.6 percent of the average OECD
spending level of $ 56,947 (see Figure 3).
A 10 percent
increase in private school enrollment also reduces the total educational
spending per student by over 5 percent of the OECD average.
Michael Podgursky and colleagues documented how district payments for pension benefits grew from roughly $ 800
per student in 2010, when
spending levels began to fall nationally, to more than $ 1,200 in 2017 — a 50 percent
increase over just six years (see «Pensions under Pressure,» features, Spring 2018).
Though there has been a decline in state higher - education funding
per student, states are not
spending less on higher education overall; in fact, total state and local
spending increased by 13.5 percent (in inflation - adjusted terms) from 1987 to 2015 nationwide.
Spurred by court rulings requiring states to
increase public - school funding, the United States now
spends more
per student on K - 12 education than almost any other country.
In Missouri,
per -
student spending in inflation - adjusted dollars
increased 33 percent from 1992 to 2014.
Spending on technology in public schools
increased from essentially zero in 1970 to $ 118
per student in 2002 and $ 89
per student in 2003, according to Education Week.
In Milwaukee, the number of
students using vouchers has
increased sharply (see Figure 2), but the voucher itself has been worth only between 50 and 70 percent of
per - pupil
spending in the public schools.
[6] Based on their evidence, it is clear that finance reforms re-allocate significant amounts of money — on average, reforms
increased spending by $ 1,225
per student a year in the lowest 20 percent of districts ranked by income, while
increasing spending by $ 527 in the highest 20 percent of districts ranked by income.
Spending per primary and secondary
student increased by more than 120 percent in Brazil and by more than 54 percent in Chile.
Over the past two plus decades, inflation adjusted
per -
student education
spending in Mississippi has
increased by 54 percent while teacher salaries and
student enrollment have decreased by two and three percent, respectively.
As shown in the table, simply
increasing educational
spending per pupil by $ 11,000 would be estimated to
increase the present value of future earnings
per student by a little more than half that
spending increase.
However, there are educational policies that improve
student achievement and adult outcomes by far larger amounts
per dollar
spent than across - the - board
spending increases.
Governor Walker vetoed a provision that would have
increased the amount of money school districts that
spend less
per student than the state average can raise in property taxes.
Mr. McAuliffe, the Democrat, has criticized the state for a decline in
per -
student spending on K - 12 even as enrollment has
increased.
The budget
increases school
spending per student to $ 10,591 in 2016 - 17 — a boost of nearly $ 3,600 compared with 2011 - 12 levels, according a post on Brown's website: «The budget provides a fourth - year investment of more than $ 2.8 billion in the Local Control Funding Formula, which focuses on
students with the greatest challenges to success, bringing the formula to 95 percent implementation.
But other educational interventions also have been shown to
increase student achievement by a large amount
per dollar
spent.
Nygren's plan would allow school districts with the low - revenue caps to
increase the amount they
spend from the current $ 9,100
per student limit to $ 9,400
per student next school year.
Over the past two plus decades, inflation adjusted
per -
student education
spending in Mississippi has
increased by 54 percent while teacher salaries have
increased by just two percent and
student enrollment has decreased by three percent.
Mississippi has
increased per -
student spending, adjusted for inflation, by 54 percent from FY 1992 through FY 2014.
Kitchens said the formula could be improved for school districts with declining enrollment,
increasing enrollment and small, rural school districts with
spending levels capped at below $ 10,000
per student.
Total annual public education operating expenditures in Texas approximate $ 7,000
per student and aggregate
spending increased by 43 % over the five years ended in 2002, more than twice the sum of enrollment growth and inflation over the same period.
Public school
students saw a 27 percent
increase in real resources
spent on their education, so adjusted for inflation, public schools were
spending 27 percent more
per student in 2014 relative to 1992.
Based on analyses produced by the Benchmark Educational Resource Group, annual public education operating expenses in Texas approximate $ 7,000
per student, and total
spending increased by over 40 % over the past five years, more than twice the sum of enrollment growth and inflation during that period.
Research demonstrates that
increased spending per -
student leads to
increased positive outcomes, such as higher test scores and graduation rates (Does Money Matter, n.d.).
However, as Johnson (2011) argues, desegregation actually
increased school quality and
per - pupil
spending for black
students,
increasing black
students» educational attainment with no effect on the attainment of white
students.
In 12 states an
increase in the concentration of
students of color is actually associated with an
increase in
per - pupil
spending.
An
increase of 10 percent in
students of color is associated with a decrease in
spending of $ 75
per student