The key safety endpoints were changes in hip and
spine bone mineral density (a measure of minerals mainly calcium in bones), changes in serum creatinine (a waste product in blood that is removed by healthy kidneys) and dipstick proteinuria (protein excreted in urine).
In both studies, patients receiving TAF experienced a significantly smaller mean percentage decrease from baseline in hip and
spine bone mineral density at week 48 (p < 0.001), and had smaller changes in renal tubular markers (p < 0.001) than TDF.
The denosumab and zoledronic acid groups were statistically similar in all areas but
spine bone mineral density (increased 0.060 g / cm2 versus 0.021 g / cm2, respectively) and flulike symptoms (none versus 29 percent of patients).
The authors measured hip and
spine bone mineral density (BMD) at 12 and 24 months, as well as adverse events, which included falls.
Not exact matches
Researchers measured
bone mineral density in 20 women 4 to 20 weeks postpartum and found that those who didn't exercise lost around 7 percent of their lower -
spine bone density.
The six women, who had received continuous denosumab for seven years, had substantial gains in
bone mineral density (BMD)-- increasing 18.5 % in the
spine and 6.9 % in total hip.
The small increase in the high - dose group did not translate into beneficial effects because authors found no difference between the three study groups for changes in
spine, average total - hip, average femoral neck or total - body
bone mineral density, trabecular
bone score, muscle mass or sit - to - stand tests.
To measure whether MHT influenced
bone health, researchers used dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans of the participants» lumbar
spine, femoral neck and hip to assess
bone mineral density.
For all three groups, researchers measured
bone mineral content and
density in the
spine, neck, hip and the whole body, and looked at current height and weight, smoking, level of physical activity and a variety of other measures.
However, six months after stopping the regimen,
bone mineral density levels in the
spines of these individuals increased to levels consistent with study participants of the same age who took a placebo.
The DXA scans evaluated
bone mineral density, a surrogate measurement of
bone strength, as well as
bone mineral content, which is the weight of
bone, at both the hip and the lumbar
spine (lower back).
The results indicate that children on ADHD medication had lower
bone mineral density in the femur, femoral neck and lumbar
spine.
The researchers also found several other variants associated with
bone mineral density in specific areas, including 3 for forearm, 14 for femoral neck, and 19 for lumbar
spine.
The team identified variants in a region near the engrailed homeobox ‐ 1 gene (EN1) that were associated with
bone mineral density in the lumbar area of the
spine.
Consumption of dried plums significantly increased the
bone mineral density of ulna and
spine in comparison with dried apple.
Bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar
spine, forearm, hip, and whole body was assessed at baseline and at the end of the study using dual - energy X-ray absorptiometry.
Effect of combined administration of vitamin D3 and vitamin K2 on
bone mineral density of the lumbar
spine in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.
Bone mineral density in the lumbar
spine increased by +2.2 + / - 0.5 % the HRT alone group and by + 1.8 + / - 0.6 % in the HRT + T group.
Bone mineral density was measured 3 times each year using dual x-ray absorptiometry at the lumbar
spine and femur.
According to one study published in the Natural Medicine Journal, consumption of dried plums significantly increased the
bone mineral density of ulna and
spine when compared to dried apple (30).