A
"square centimeter" refers to a unit of measurement that calculates the area of a shape or surface. It represents a square with each side measuring one centimeter in length.
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And the efficiency with which a field generates electricity can be improved in the future by moving to higher temperature operation, he adds; the current design employs steam at 440 degrees Celsius and 63 kilograms per
square centimeter of pressure at peak capacity.
At the moment, the solar cells can generate roughly 2.5 milliwatts per
square centimeter in typical sunlight conditions.
IBM sought to increase the efficiency of their cooling system, and a scientist versed in biology, computers, and constructal theory took them down the path to a radical evolution in design that has demonstrated cooling power densities of up to 370 Watts per
square centimeter with water as coolant (Six times beyond current limits of air - cooling technology - with less energy).
A 5.5 - meter python, for example, can create a force of about 1 kilogram per
square centimeter on its victim — about six times as rigorous as a firm handshake.
But the pressures reported at Fukushima — more than seven kilograms per
square centimeter at times — more than double the pressures even the hardened vent was designed to handle.
It's pumped 300 meters or so to the injection site, where its pressure is increased to more than 140 kilograms per
square centimeter before being pumped through one of two wellheads.
Meanwhile, physicists and chemists at HZB produced graphene surfaces
several square centimeters in size so that edge effects play hardly any role in comparison to the surface processes.
The emitter can be modified to expand the charging beam's radius to an area of up to 100
square centimeters from a distance of 12 metres, or nearly 40 feet.
And as the equipment descends, everything will pass a bank of ultraviolet lights that bathes it with 40,000 microwatts per
square centimeter of cell - killing energy.
Trinity College's Coleman says that the solution - based exfoliation methods, which to date produce graphene up to several tens of microns wide, are probably best suited for «middle - size industrial quantities, whereas the Intels of the world will likely be more interested in growing huge areas of graphene using CVD - type processes,» which so far can make samples up to a
few square centimeters.
«With this new biomarker, we should be able to detect very small regions of epileptic activity — smaller than a
single square centimeter — and we do it noninvasively,» Loeb said.
Princeton astrophysicist Bruce Draine estimates that the small spacecraft would sustain about a million collisions per
square centimeter with dust grains during the journey — each one potentially a disaster at those speeds.
Some 400 to 500 sweat glands
per square centimeter of skin pour out moisture onto your palms, irrigating crops of bacteria.
There are more connections within 1
square centimeter of the human brain than there are stars in the Milky Way.
It is important to understand that using your microwave oven will expose you to an energy density of milliwatts per
square centimeter (the standard energy unit measurement in the U.S.).
Every square centimeter of it!
If a 100 - PW pulse can be focused to a spot measuring just 3 micrometers across, as Li is planning for the SEL, the intensity in that tiny area will be an astonishing 1024 watts per
square centimeter (W / cm2)-- some 25 orders of magnitude, or 10 trillion trillion times, more intense than the sunlight striking Earth.
Fortunately, because quantum dots are packed together at high densities — more than 50 billion dots per
square centimeter — they capture electrons and holes before the particles are lost.
Each features eight impact points — four in the front and four in the back — that use a system of pneumatic actuators and microcompressors to deliver a blow of 30 pounds per square inch, or psi (2.1 kilograms per
square centimeter).
During each burst of oxygen, an estimated 26,000 ions per second passed through
each square centimeter of sensor, the researchers say.
There is also the continuous chug of the compressors pressurizing that captured CO2 into a liquid at 98 kilograms per
square centimeter.
The density of defects in the best gallium nitride crystals, at 1.010 dislocations per
square centimeter, was ten million times higher than what was believed necessary for commercial success, especially in a laser.
Light in - tensities of 30 microwatts per
square centimeter in the blue spectrum transform the toxic bilirubin into a soluble form that can easily be removed by the infant's immature organs.
The observed transient behavior displays a notable «structural isosbestic» point and a threshold effect for the dependence of c - axis expansion (Δc) on fluence (F), with Δc / F = 0.02 angstrom / (millijoule per
square centimeter).
Power - conversion efficiencies of more than 6 % were achieved at illuminations of 200 milliwatts per
square centimeter.
That's compared with conventional cabling material, which can carry only a couple thousand amps per
square centimeter.
Capacitance by area reached as high as 89.4 millifarads per
square centimeter and by length, up to 23.9 millifarads per centimeter in the fiber - like supercapacitor.
In animal tests, electrical output reached 0.2 microwatts per
square centimeter, potentially strong enough to power self - contained pacemakers and make battery - replacement surgeries a thing of the past.
The largest collection, weighing as much as four pounds in total, clings to your gut, but your skin also hosts more than a million microbes per
square centimeter.
Carbon nanotubes are capable of handling incredible levels of electrical current, as much as a billion amps per
square centimeter.
The devices worked, but they generated just 200 milliwatts of power per
square centimeter (mW / cm2) of electrode surface area, well behind the performance of PEM fuel cells and SOFCs.
Each scan collected more than 4 million measurements from a surface measuring no more than
a square centimeter.
The combined material, called a photoanode, showed excellent stability while reaching a current density of 10 milliamps per
square centimeter, the researchers reported.
Basically, HPT involves clamping a thin disk of metal to a cylindrical anvil and pressing it against another anvil with a force of about 60,000 kilograms per
square centimeter, all while turning one anvil slowly.
The Chinese team capitalized on its find to create paper - thin loudspeakers of various sizes and shapes — from a few
square centimeters to as large as a sheet of notebook paper — that can blare as loudly as conventional speakers with extremely low distortion and high sound quality (see videos below).
At an applied potential of 0.3 volt, chemically modified n - type TiO2 performs water splitting with a total conversion efficiency of 11 % and a maximum photoconversion efficiency of 8.35 % when illuminated at 40 milliwatts per
square centimeter.
The team crushed a sample containing tiny crystals of osmium and liquid argon between the jeweled jaws of a diamond anvil, which exerts several hundred tons per
square centimeter of pressure.
In Idaho, for example, a former lab is deemed «clean» when there is less than one tenth of a microgram of methamphetamine per
square centimeter in the room where meth was cooked.
«A relatively low cathode current density, in the range of miliamperes per
square centimeter, can correspond to a pressure of gaseous hydrogen in the range of a few tens of thousands of atmospheres,» explains Dr Arkadiusz Gajek (IPC PAS).
An easy - to - measure current density of one microampere per
square centimeter corresponds a stream of about six trillion (6 × 10 ^ 12) single hydrogen atoms per second per square centimeter.
In order for this to work on the grand scale of a fuel cell stack for a hydrogen vehicle or power plant «we need to develop a more three - dimensional structure to get thicker electrodes and a higher current per
square centimeter,» says Winther - Jensen.