Sentences with phrase «square centimeter of»

Just one square centimeter of coral tissue typically harbors a million individual symbionts and on average those symbionts can double every 7 days.

The full title includes the dimensions as well, because every square centimeter of surface area matters.

The deposited particle mass from 10 to 350 nanograms (a billionth of a gram) per square centimeter of cell surface corresponds to an airway daily dose of slightly polluted, rural air with 20 micrograms (a millionth of a gram) PM per cubic meter of air through to very high air pollution in a megacity (1000 micrograms PM per cubic meter of air).

Sixty - five billion of them pass through every square centimeter of Earth's surface each second, and nearly all exit the other side without making their presence known.

And the efficiency with which a field generates electricity can be improved in the future by moving to higher temperature operation, he adds; the current design employs steam at 440 degrees Celsius and 63 kilograms per square centimeter of pressure at peak capacity.

Flow batteries can produce between 0.5 and 3 volts, and that in turn means IBM can use the technology today to supply 1 watt of power for every square centimeter of a computer's circuit board.

This catalyst has demonstrated specific activity at 10 milliamps per square centimeter of oxide catalyst (OER current normalized to catalyst surface area), with only 270 to 290 millivolts of overpotential for 30 hours of continuous testing in acidic electrolyte.

During the disinfection process, water will pass through the 56 UV units, each of which contains 144 low - pressure, high - output ultraviolet lamps that produce 40 millijoules per square centimeter of light that together can treat an average of 1.3 billion gallons (4.9 billion liters) of water daily (pdf).

The team crushed a sample containing tiny crystals of osmium and liquid argon between the jeweled jaws of a diamond anvil, which exerts several hundred tons per square centimeter of pressure.

During each burst of oxygen, an estimated 26,000 ions per second passed through each square centimeter of sensor, the researchers say.

And as the equipment descends, everything will pass a bank of ultraviolet lights that bathes it with 40,000 microwatts per square centimeter of cell - killing energy.

Every square centimeter of it!

And all this must happen on 1.5 square centimeters of polymer that's transparent, flexible, nonirritating, fluid - friendly, and free of all the toxic materials normally used in glowing microelectronic components.

The insect can chew through 10 square centimeters of leaf a day, and left unchecked it will strip a plant bare.

The researchers, working with a biological ink that contains both human plasma as well as material extracts taken from skin biopsies, were able to print about 100 square centimeters of human skin in the span of about half an hour.

Not exact matches

It is important to understand that using your microwave oven will expose you to an energy density of milliwatts per square centimeter (the standard energy unit measurement in the U.S.).

It's pumped 300 meters or so to the injection site, where its pressure is increased to more than 140 kilograms per square centimeter before being pumped through one of two wellheads.

The observed transient behavior displays a notable «structural isosbestic» point and a threshold effect for the dependence of c - axis expansion (Δc) on fluence (F), with Δc / F = 0.02 angstrom / (millijoule per square centimeter).

The density of defects in the best gallium nitride crystals, at 1.010 dislocations per square centimeter, was ten million times higher than what was believed necessary for commercial success, especially in a laser.

Power - conversion efficiencies of more than 6 % were achieved at illuminations of 200 milliwatts per square centimeter.

Regardless of the functional additives, experiments showed that once a sorbent material achieved a surface area of 2,800 square meters per gram and a pore volume of 1.35 cubic centimeters per gram, neither more surface area nor larger pores made it more efficient at capturing carbon dioxide.

The researchers performed hundreds of indentation tests on tiny olivine crystals less than a centimeter square and found that the olivine crystal became weaker as the size of the diamond tip increased.

Trinity College's Coleman says that the solution - based exfoliation methods, which to date produce graphene up to several tens of microns wide, are probably best suited for «middle - size industrial quantities, whereas the Intels of the world will likely be more interested in growing huge areas of graphene using CVD - type processes,» which so far can make samples up to a few square centimeters.

Affix a two - centimeter - square patch of thick gray cardboard (about the same color as the TV snow) 12 centimeters or so away from the white cardboard.

The combined material, called a photoanode, showed excellent stability while reaching a current density of 10 milliamps per square centimeter, the researchers reported.

At an applied potential of 0.3 volt, chemically modified n - type TiO2 performs water splitting with a total conversion efficiency of 11 % and a maximum photoconversion efficiency of 8.35 % when illuminated at 40 milliwatts per square centimeter.

In Idaho, for example, a former lab is deemed «clean» when there is less than one tenth of a microgram of methamphetamine per square centimeter in the room where meth was cooked.

«A relatively low cathode current density, in the range of miliamperes per square centimeter, can correspond to a pressure of gaseous hydrogen in the range of a few tens of thousands of atmospheres,» explains Dr Arkadiusz Gajek (IPC PAS).

An easy - to - measure current density of one microampere per square centimeter corresponds a stream of about six trillion (6 × 10 ^ 12) single hydrogen atoms per second per square centimeter.

When the researchers placed the lattice in a vacuum heated to 1,250 degrees Celsius, they found that it converted radiation with an efficiency of 34 percent and emitted about 14 watts per square centimeter.

Scientists estimate that Stardust collected 45 of these micron - sized interstellar dust particles using an aerogel collector 1,000 square centimeters in size.

Boyd reduced — but did not stop — the movement of a small area of Penner's heart, about a centimeter square, with a stabilizer, a horseshoe - shaped brace inserted through a fourth small incision.

The cell was 1 square centimeter in size, consisting of a 200 - micron - thick silicon layer topped with a 1 - micron - thick perovskite layer.

In September 2015, the team took a 4 - square - centimeter patch of unblistered skin from the boy's groin and grew skin stem cells in the lab from that sample.

In our experiments, we found that when the plating and stripping current density is raised above ~ 9 milliamperes per square centimeter, there is substantial self - heating of the dendrites, which triggers extensive surface migration of Li.

After painstakingly removing multiple sources of background signals, the team was left with a neutrino flux of 66 billion per square centimeter per second, close to the standard solar model prediction of 60 billion, they report online today in Nature.

We have created sample sizes of a few square centimeters, and since we think that our method is scalable, we believe that we can grow sheets that are up to several square inches or larger, paving the way to realistic large - scale applications.»

The films display a room - temperature spontaneous polarization (50 to 60 microcoulombs per square centimeter) almost an order of magnitude higher than that of the bulk (6.1 microcoulombs per square centimeter).

Current non-invasive techniques can't detect epileptic areas of the brain smaller than approximately eight to 10 square centimeters, so many early - stage epilepsy patients often go undiagnosed and untreated.

The rectangular chip — smaller than a few square centimeters and using as little as a few milliliters of blood — is made of the polymer PDMS.

To counter the osmotic pressure that arises between the solutions and force water back through the membrane, desalinization plants must utilize high pressures of 7,000 to 8,300 kilopascals (71 to 86.5 kilogram - force per square centimeter or 1,000 to 1,200 pounds per square inch), he notes.

«With this new biomarker, we should be able to detect very small regions of epileptic activity — smaller than a single square centimeter — and we do it noninvasively,» Loeb said.

The 65,000 - square - foot building also sits atop 36 hydraulic columns, which can raise the entire structure in 25 - centimeter increments, extending the life of the station.

The layer of ionic liquid allowed the researchers to inject the semiconductor with electrons at a density of a hundred trillion to a quadrillion per square centimeter.

The test battery's optimal performance was between 40 and 50 milliAmperes per square centimeter, where about 70 percent of the battery's original voltage was retained.

A 2010 analysis by Australian researchers looked at the actual number of bacteria per square centimeter on various banknotes and found that a U.S. note contains 10 such microbes per square centimeter (higher than what Australia and New Zealand had on their currency.)

The sun, on the other hand, blasts the top of the atmosphere with an average of 135,100 milliwatts per square centimeter.

The maximum energy that Phobos — Grunt could have felt from HAARP would have equaled a power density of 1.03 milliwatts per square centimeter, according to Selcher.

The ability to trap live organisms without harm is surprising, considering that the typical laser intensity at the focal point of the optical tweezers is about 10 million watts per square centimeter.

The only thing standing between the escape of nuclear steam and a possible chain of events leading to a meltdown was an internal liner of stainless steel just three sixteenths of an inch (0.48 centimeter) thick that had slowly bent out about an eighth of an inch (0.32 centimeter) into the cavity due to the constant 2,200 pound - per — square - inch (155 - kilogram - per - square - centimeter) pressure.