The topics addressed include critical thresholds and key vulnerabilities of the climate system, impacts on human and natural systems, socioeconomic costs and benefits of emissions pathways, and technological options for meeting different
stabilisation levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
So any country whose government acknowledged in 2009 that CO2 emissions must reach net zero by the time temperatures reach the target
stabilisation level of 2 °C should be 10 % of the way there now.
Not exact matches
Asian stock markets rose to their highest
level in more than four months on Thursday, helped by optimism in the global banking sector and hopes
of stabilisation in the China's economy.
This is the fundamental principle behind The 2 Meal Day Intermittent Fasting Plan and why so many people have had success with both weight loss, muscle gain,
stabilisation of energy
levels and resetting hunger hormones.
There was a conference held at the begining
of this year that went over this sort
of thing, it was subtitled «Avoiding Dangerous Climate Change» and you can find the presentation [slides] that were presented at http://www.
stabilisation2005.com/programme.html There's a lot
of interesting things about possible thresholds,
stabilisation levels for CO2 and emission reduction pathways and the potential costs.
As with the entire Golf range, the new GTD will feature class - leading
levels of safety with ABS, ESP (Electronic
Stabilisation Programme) and seven airbags, including for the first time a knee airbag, all standard.
Also, as with the entire Golf range, the new GTI features class - leading
levels of safety with ABS, ESP (Electronic
Stabilisation Programme) and seven airbags, including for the first time a knee airbag, all as standard.
Among the new standard features is a two axle air suspension with automatic self
levelling, as well as Dynamic Damper Control and the latest update
of the Integral Active Steering system, along with the first electromechanically driven Dynamic Drive roll
stabilisation system.
Limited and early analytical results from integrated analyses
of the costs and benefits
of mitigation indicate that they are broadly comparable in magnitude, but do not as yet permit an unambiguous determination
of an emissions pathway or
stabilisation level where benefits exceed costs.
Nevertheless, climate sensitivity is part
of the puzzle, and it particularly matters if you are interested in
stabilisation scenarios, since it indicates what a particular equilibrium CO2
level will mean for equilibrium climate.
30 more years
of business - as - usual will make it impossible to keep temperatures from rising beyond Eemian
levels (see here for some discussion
of stabilisation scenarios), and decisions (on infrastructure, power stations, R&D, etc.) that are being made now will determine the emissions for decades to come.
The timing and
level of mitigation to reach a given temperature
stabilisation level is earlier and more stringent if climate sensitivity is high than if it is low.
That would likely mean that also the official UN climate goal
of limiting the average world temperature rise to no more than 2 degrees Celsius — a target linked to 450 ppm CO2 equivalent
stabilisation scenarios (practically ambitious, theoretically weak)-- will eventually lead to many meters
of global sea
level rise.
RCP4.5 is a «
stabilisation scenario» where policies are put in place so atmospheric CO2 concentration
levels off around the middle
of the century, though temperatures do not stabilise before 2100.
Many don't get this — but it goes for both the temperature targets
of ≤ 2 degrees (UN, G8, G21) and ≤ 1.5 degrees (wiser people) and the internationally accepted maximum GHG concentration
level of 450 ppm — and for the CO2
stabilisation concentration
level of 350 ppm (Hansen and many other climate scientists): if we know «2» is the right answer, we're not that clever when we fail to comprehend 1 +1 is the logical route to getting there.]
For example,
stabilisation at 550 ppm (resulting in a temperature increase relative to pre-industrial
levels of nearly 2 °C) only reduces the number
of people adversely affected by climate change by 30 - 50 % (Arnell, 2006).
Australia will unconditionally reduce our emissions by 5 % below 2000
levels by 2020, and by up to 15 % by 2020 if there is a global agreement which falls short
of securing atmospheric
stabilisation at 450 ppm CO2 - eq and under which major developing economies commit to substantially restrain emissions and advanced economies take on commitments comparable to Australia's.
In a «450
Stabilisation Case», which describes a notional pathway to long - term stabilisation of the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere at around 450 parts per million, global emissions peak in 2012 and then fall sharply below 2005 le
Stabilisation Case», which describes a notional pathway to long - term
stabilisation of the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere at around 450 parts per million, global emissions peak in 2012 and then fall sharply below 2005 le
stabilisation of the concentration
of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere at around 450 parts per million, global emissions peak in 2012 and then fall sharply below 2005
levels by 2030.
Token reference to a 1.5 ° C
stabilisation level is meaningless to Africa as long as we remain so far from targets that are consistent with having half a chance
of remaining below 2 °.
The objective
of Article 2
of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (United Nations, 1992) is to achieve
stabilisation of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a
level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system.
What would such
levels of climate change imply in terms
of greenhouse gas
stabilisation concentrations and emission pathways required to achieve such
levels?