High -
stakes testing refers to the use of assessment data to make
decisions about enrollment, retention, promotion, incentives for
children or teachers, or other tangible rewards or punishments (Madaus, 1988; Meisels, 1989).
However, if the NAEP results are accurate, it is not true that poor
children are now at least getting the basics: the score increases on state (or local, as in Chicago) tests simply indicates that somewhat different particular things are taught, but overall NAEP results show there usually is no improvement in states which test the most and use tests for high -
stakes decisions about students.