Not exact matches
«Cost benefit estimates,» say the authors, «
show that taxpayers paid 51 dollars per student for an experienced teacher to retire in
return for an increase in test scores
of 1 percent
of a
standard deviation — a negligible amount.»
The results are consistent with other studies that
show a substantial
return (up to 50 percent
of a
standard deviation on standardized achievement tests) to achievement from observed classroom quality, with greater effects often accruing to children with higher levels
of risk and disadvantage.
The following chart
shows rolling volatility (measured as a
standard deviation of two years
of monthly
returns) and accompanying statistics for the portfolio:
However, the Fact Card for CGL quotes data from 1994 that
shows the
standard deviation of gold
returns is actually slightly lower in Canadian dollars (14.69 %) than in US dollars (15.15 %).
The chart
shows that the annualized
standard deviation of the least popular quartile was 20.18 %; the most popular quartile, by comparison, actually had a much higher annualized
standard deviation of 28.35 % — suggesting that this measure
of unpopularity actually gives higher
returns with less risk.
The table
shows the
returns and
standard deviations of various portfolios.
To
show a relationship between excess
return and risk, this number is then divided by the
standard deviation of the portfolio's annualized excess
returns.
This one
shows an average rate
of return since 1972
of 5.8 % with a low
standard of deviation of 11.4 %.