In the MCS, child behaviour was assessed by a pre-existing
standard psychological measure, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ)[23], which was completed by the «main carer» (i.e. the mother, in our study populations) at ages 3, 5 and 7 years.
Not exact matches
A major deficiency in recognizing the spiritual component in the field of addictions has been the lack of clearly defined criteria, based on hard data, that
measure up to social,
psychological, and medical
standards.
One can think of many other ways in which shame follows from our failure to
measure up to familial, societal, academic, ethical,
psychological, and perhaps especially, «religious»
standards of performance.
As part of the Framingham Heart Study, participants updated researchers on their social contacts and health status, including happiness, as
measured by a
standard psychological questionnaire.
EFT has been found to be an «evidence - based» practice for anxiety, depression, phobias and PTSD when
measured against the
standards of the American
Psychological Association's Division 12 Task Force on Empirically Validated Treatments.
The theory is a critique of the
standard psychological view of intelligence — that there is a single intelligence, adequately
measured by IQ or other short answer tests.
Another trend — exemplified by the humanizing law school movement — seeks to improve both learning and student well - being by decreasing some of the well - documented negative
psychological effects of law school created in part by the focus on competition and extrinsic motivation.8 Law schools are beginning to respond to these reports by revising their curricula and preparing for anticipated changes in the American Bar Association (ABA)
standards for law school accreditation that will require a greater focus on student assessment and outcome
measures.9
Participants were recruited from two hospital sites in Melbourne (Australia), and were administered the
standard QOLIBRI (Quality of Life after Brain Injury) questionnaire plus two different
measures assessing depression (the recent World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) and the much older Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)-RRB-, a
measure of demoralization (Demoralization Scale (DS)-RRB- and
psychological distress (K10).
Investigators have used it as the criterion for diagnosis of behavior disturbance against which to gauge the validity of both screening instruments27 and
psychological interview
measures.28 The published Spanish version of the CBCL used in this study has been found to have good internal consistency and concurrent validity in Spanish - speaking populations.29 The CBCL was chosen as the
standard of comparison to avoid basing the calculation of PSC validity on a small subset of the data as done in previous studies using structured interviews as the
standard24,30 - 32 and because the CBCL has been widely used as the criterion
standard in previous PSC research in both middle - class30, 33 - 35 and low - income minority populations.8
In addition to
standard demographic variables (such as age, race, gender, income and education), the NSFH contains
measures of marital happiness, domestic violence, conflict and a wide variety of
measures of
psychological well - being including: global happiness, depressive symptoms, sense of personal mastery, and self - esteem.
4) Quality of life defined as subjective evaluations of both positive and negative aspects of life covered physical functioning, occupational role, interpersonal relationships and
psychological functioning,
measured by validated standardized including General Quality of Life Inventory -74 - GQOLI - 74 which
measured physical functioning,
psychological functioning, social functioning, and
standard of living; Well - Being scale - WBS,
measure positive aspects of
psychological functioning.
Generalized distress can be observed through symptoms such as sleeping problems, anxiety, crying etc. and is usually
measured by
standard psychological assessment.
Table 1 contains the descriptives for the
psychological measures analyzed in this study for children at ages 3 and 5 (mean and
standard deviations for the quantitative variables and prevalences for binary outcomes).