The court stated by way of introduction that, «the issue of
the standard of review applicable to orders of both judges and prothonotaries has been one of the most contentious issues before our Court and before all courts of appeal, including before the Supreme Court of Canada, in the last 10 to 15 years.»
Will the Court of Justice adopt a «uniform»
standard of review applicable to all sanctions cases in its judgment in Kadi II or will it follow the AG in varying the standard of review depending on the origin of the sanctions?
The standard of review applicable to a ministerial decision that involves some interpretation or application of its «home» statute (s) seems to be a matter of question these days, notwithstanding that the Supreme Court of Canada attempted to simplify matters on standard of review with its 2008 decision in Dunsmuir v New Brunswick, 2008 SCC 9, [2008] 1 SCR 190.
I think this case is of interest to ABlawg readers because it involves the judicial review of a mineral royalty decision and it also concerns appellate - level consideration of
the standard of review applicable to a ministerial decision — a topic of recent interest in the judiciary and which Professor Olszynski explores in his recent ABlawg post «Of Killer Whales, Sage - grouse, and the Battle Against (Madisonian) Tyranny».
The first step in substantive judicial review under Canadian administrative law is to identify
the standard of review applicable to the question or questions in the impugned statutory decision.
Justice Manderscheid canvasses Dunsmuir and earlier Alberta cases concerning
the standard of review applicable to FOIP decisions, and based on this jurisprudence he rules
the standard of review applicable to the Commissioner's decisions is the deferential reasonableness standard (at paras 26 — 40).
2016 FCA 215 - The FCA has held that
the standard of review applicable to discretionary orders made by prothonotaries that was enunciated in Canada v. Aqua - Gem Investments Ltd. should be abandoned and replaced withthe standard that was set out by the Supreme Court of Canada in Housen v. Nikolaisen.
Prior to considering the issue, the Court of Appeal determined that
the standard of review applicable to the appeal judges» determination of the standard of review is a correctness standard.
In The Dominion of Canada General Insurance Company v. State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company, 2018 ONCA 101, the Court held that
the standard of review applicable of SAB arbitral decisions is reasonableness.
These two appeals were heard together because they give rise to the same main issues:
the standard of review applicable to insurance arbitral decisions resolving priority disputes arising from the statutory accident benefits regime under the Insurance Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. I. 8, and statutory and contractual interpretation issues affecting the priority question.
In the decision of The Dominion of Canada General Insurance Company v. Unifund Assurance Company, the Court of Appeal has confirmed that
the standard of review applicable in priority disputes is reasonableness.
In the decision of The Dominion of Canada General Insurance Company v. Unifund Assurance Company, the Court of Appeal has confirmed that
the standard of review applicable in priority...
In Victory Motors, the Court of Appeal crucially confirmed that the Edmonton East decision is definitive of
the standard of review applicable to the Board in such instances, and properly applied a deferential review of the Board's decision.
Why would Justice Khullar hedge somewhat on
the standard of review applicable to a decision by a Tenancy Dispute Officer, particularly in light of the precedent in Hetland and the presumption (at para 17) most recently articulated by the Supreme Court of Canada in Edmonton (City) v Edmonton East (Capilano) Shopping Centres Ltd, 2016 SCC 47 (CanLII)(at paras 22 — 24) that the standard of review will be reasonableness where a statutory decision - maker applies and interprets its home statute?
Not exact matches
Finally, because the Impartial Conduct
Standards will become
applicable on June 9, 2017, the Department believes that firms will make efforts to adhere to those
standards, motivated both by their applicability and by the prospect
of their likely continuation, as well as by the impending applicability
of complementary consumer protections and / or enforcement mechanisms beginning on January 1, 2018, depending on the results
of the Department's
review of the Fiduciary Rule pursuant to the President's Memorandum.
7) The Committee shall
review and consider with the External Auditors the matters required to be discussed by the
applicable standards of the Public Accounting Oversight Board.
The publication follows a
review of the 2004
standards carried out last year by Dame Dana Ross - Wawrzynski and other leading members
of the profession, with the aim
of defining guidelines
applicable to all headteachers in the current educational landscape.
The commissioner may also place under preliminary registration
review any school that has conditions that threaten the health, safety and / or educational welfare
of students or has been the subject
of persistent complaints to the department by parents or persons in parental relation to the student, and has been identified by the commissioner as a poor learning environment based upon a combination
of factors affecting student learning, including but not limited to: high rates
of student absenteeism, high levels
of school violence, excessive rates
of student suspensions, violation
of applicable building health and safety
standards, high rates
of teacher and administrator turnover, excessive rates
of referral
of students to or participation in special education or excessive rates
of participation
of students with disabilities in the alternate assessment, excessive transfers
of students to alternative high school and high school equivalency programs and excessive use
of uncertified teachers or teachers in subject areas other than those for which they possess certification.
An independent
review of the material's alignment to each
applicable standard to give educators greater confidence that the product addresses the knowledge and skills students need.
Capital One Investing does not
review any action or inaction
of a fiduciary with respect to any Account, including any action or inaction taken by COA with respect to the Program, and disclaims any responsibility for determining (i) whether a fiduciary's conduct satisfies
applicable standards of care, or (ii) the validity
of a person's or entity's status, or capacity to serve, as a fiduciary.
It might be
of use for readers to also
review the
applicable ISO
standards.
The Teachers» Federation submits that the trial judge fundamentally misunderstood and incorrectly applied the
applicable law to the facts
of the case; applied an incorrect
standard of review of a union's conduct, and imposed duties not required
of it by law.
Finally, what is the
applicable standard of review?
Employers operating in Ontario who «draw the circle» around employee rights and entitlements on termination should carefully
review and ensure that their contractual termination clause complies with all aspects
of statutory minimum
standards, and in particular: (a) notice or pay in lieu, (b) benefits continuation during the notice period, (c) severance pay, if
applicable, and (d) continued vacation accrual during the termination notice period.
As a refresher, Dunsmuir held that certain presumptions will point to the
applicable standard of review; the level
of deference afforded to statutory administrative decision - makers.
On appeal, the Virginia Court
of Appeals recognized that the
applicable standard for
reviewing a trial court's ruling that a party was in contempt
of court was the abuse
of discretion
standard, citing Epps v. Commonwealth, 47 Va..
The appellate court first recognized the
applicable standard of review, that the evidence would be viewed in a light favorable to the prevailing party, all reasonable inferences in its favor, citing Congdon v. Congdon, 20 Va..
In a nutshell: the relevant jurisprudence concerning the
applicable standard of review of intelligence sources and analysis was developed by the General Court in a series
of judgments concerning the freezing
of assets
of the People's Mojahedin Organization
of Iran («PMOI») in connection with the EU's fight against terrorism.
The continued focus on enforcing the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act on conduct by affiliated entities
of US corporations impacts our investigations work, as we know that ethics issues that arise need to be viewed not just as potential violations
of local law and not just as local employment - or labor - issues, but need to be
reviewed and addressed with the scrutiny
applicable in the US under our corporate ethics
standard.
In the decision, Justice Morris J. Fish wrote, «In my respectful view, the Court
of Appeal erred in
reviewing the arbitrator's decision for correctness: reasonableness is the
applicable standard.»
And reasonableness is the
applicable standard of review here ̶ the questions
of law at issue are
of «a very technical nature» which the CITT will often be better equipped than a
reviewing court to answer.
The Court
of Appeal unanimously overturns the chambers justice on this point, and rules the
applicable standard of review to apply to the Minister's decision is reasonableness.
The fact that the Court
of Appeal provides 116 paragraphs
of reasoning on this issue, and splits on why reasonableness is the
applicable standard here, tells you that
standard of review analysis remains anything but simple these days.
I am surprised by the number
of appellate level decisions in Canada that rule correctness is the
applicable standard to
review a ministerial decision, and I must admit to being somewhat puzzled over why this has become an issue.
Despite this, it appears both ATB and the AUPE expended significant time and energy arguing over what the
applicable standard of review would be in their case.
Under the reasonableness
standard the
reviewing court defers to the statutory decision - maker and limits its
review to an inquiry as to whether the impugned decision is intelligible, transparent, and justified, as well as within the range
of possible outcomes given the
applicable facts and law in question (Dunsmuir at para 47).
The identification
of the
applicable standard of review thus requires a good understanding
of how to differentiate between questions
of law, questions
of fact, and all related iterations between and surrounding these extremes.
Justice Manderscheid decides three issues in his judicial
review decision: (1) what is the
applicable standard of review?
Dunsmuir also confirmed that precedent is established on the
applicable standard of review for a particular decision - maker in relation to a particular type
of decision or question (Dunsmuir at para 62).
«The
standard applicable to the
review of a law society rule is reasonableness,» Justice Wagner wrote, with Chief Justice Beverley McLachlin and Justices Michael Moldaver, Andromache Karakatsanis and Clément Gascon concurring.
A
review of the excellent news reporting from Allyson Bird at the Charleston Post and Courier, regarding the adoption case involving two year - old, Veronica, her prospective adoptive parents, Matt and Melanie Capobianco, and her Cherokee birth father, Dusten Brown, demonstrates a misunderstanding when a «best interests
of the child»
standard is
applicable.
With Thanksgiving just around the corner, it is good to
review the labour
standards applicable to statutory general holidays like Labour day and Thanksigiving day (which will fall on October 10, 2011 this year) for the province
of Québec.
That, in turn, would have clarified the substantive issues before the court on judicial
review and allowed the court to determine whether that definition is reasonable (or correct, if that is the
applicable standard) and within the legislative authority
of the law society to apply.
The Court stated the
applicable standard of review is a relevant consideration in determining whether there is a reasonable chance
of success.
It did so despite the fact that some
of these findings were not appealed and without ever mentioning the
applicable substantial evidence
standard of review.»
Our lawyers have counseled boards
of directors and trustees on fund governance, the role
of independent directors, their evaluation
of fund service provider contracts and fees, their evaluation
of fund and service provider compliance programs, affiliation and conflict
of interest issues, current regulatory issues and industry best practices,
standards of conduct and
of judicial
review of board action and compliance with all
applicable disclosure requirements.
Our Utah and Nevada attorneys understand that effective appellate advocacy is about careful issue selection, understanding the
applicable standards of review, and having the ability to communicate and persuade through the written word.
The Court
of Appeal likewise ruled the
applicable standard of review was correctness, but did so on very different grounds, which was the subject of my post in Where Are We Going on Standard of Review in A
standard of review was correctness, but did so on very different grounds, which was the subject of my post in Where Are We Going on Standard of Review in Alb
review was correctness, but did so on very different grounds, which was the subject
of my post in Where Are We Going on
Standard of Review in A
Standard of Review in Alb
Review in Alberta?.
In the initial judicial
review hearing Justice Rooke concluded the
applicable standard to
review the Board's decision was correctness on the basis that the Board's determination that it could increase assessed property value was a true question
of jurisdiction — one
of the established exceptions to the presumption
of deference owed by a
reviewing court to a statutory tribunal interpreting its home legislation (see Edmonton East (Capilano) Shopping Centres Limited v Edmonton (City), 2013 ABQB 526 (CanLII) at paras 18 - 31).
Unless the jurisprudence has already settled the
applicable standard of review (Dunsmuir, at para. 62), the
reviewing court should begin by considering whether the issue involves the interpretation by an administrative body
of its own statute or statutes closely connected to its function.