Humans unknowingly invade an animal's space by hugging or putting their faces close to
pets, sticking fingers into cages or crates,
petting the top of dogs» heads (some dogs are «hand shy»),
petting dogs through a fence, approaching chained dogs, removing a
pet's food or favorite toy, disturbing a sleeping
pet (which triggers a
startled bite response)
and owners forcing a shy animal to be
petted.