Sentences with phrase «statistical adjustments»

The BMI - related increases in complications remained significant after statistical adjustment for other factors.

The problem is that, in general, we can not rely on standard methods of statistical adjustment to work well when the backgrounds of children attending different classrooms vary substantially.

We can not rely on statistical adjustment to work well when the background of the children attending different classrooms varies substantially.

For the new analysis, the researchers removed a control group of nearly 500 health - care workers and made other statistical adjustments.

To account for this difference in their analysis, the researchers performed statistical adjustments and also assessed outcomes for separate age groups, divided into five - year intervals.

While statistical adjustments can pretend to wrap up reality into neat little packages, they don't explain the underlying reality at all.

When a lottery is used to assign research subjects to experimental and control conditions, however, such statistical adjustments are generally unnecessary simply because the two groups being compared are virtually identical.

To understand how statistical adjustments work, consider the comparisons of two teachers, A and B, who teach students having different prior average achievement.

The type of teacher comparisons, whether within or between schools, generally has a larger effect on teacher rankings than statistical adjustments for differences in student backgrounds across classrooms.

Researchers at Stanford University reviewed data on 168,867,480 live births from 1972 to 2015, making statistical adjustments for missing paternal records.

This comparison showed that even after statistical adjustment, children exposed to ≥ 8 months of breastfeeding had mean test scores that were between 0.11 to 0.30 SD units higher than those not breastfed.

Finally, NIS is a landline telephone survey; although statistical adjustments adequately compensate for noncoverage of households without landline telephones, some nonresponse and noncoverage bias might remain (10).

(That is closer to five times the risk, but statistical adjustments showed the risk was actually about six times higher in the offspring of the older dads.)

Initial results did show some discrepancies between the groups, but following statistical adjustments maternal age, birth weight, gestational age and social status, the differences disappeared.

Characteristics influenced by the school the students are attending will bias estimates if they are included in statistical adjustments for student background.

Other approaches to measurement rely on proxies such as absences and disciplinary infractions, but «research on their validity is still in the early stages and complicated statistical adjustments are required to interpret them accurately.»

But after statistical adjustments were made for student characteristics, the private school advantage among 4th graders disappeared, giving way to a 4.5 - point public school advantage in math and parity between the sectors in reading.

Value - added scores were computed conventionally for one year using standard methods of statistical adjustment.

The problems with finding people and getting a representative sample are well known issues and ones that pollsters can make statistical adjustments for.

For example, ART singletons achieved a higher mean test score than spontaneously conceived singletons (7.71 and 6.75 respectively, p < 0,001), but this difference did not persist after the statistical adjustments.

The authors solved this little problem by making a statistical adjustment for age.

Had the districts applied our statistical adjustment to the observation scores of these dismissed teachers, the fate of 15 percent of that four percent would have changed (less than one percent of the total teacher workforce).

Once the statistical adjustments are made for all the factors that can influence students» political knowledge except the type of school they attend, only students in Catholic schools still perform better than do students in assigned public schools.

After again making the statistical adjustments listed above, students in secular private schools scored substantially higher on the political tolerance index than students in assigned public schools, while students in religious / non-Catholic schools scored substantially lower (see Figure 2).

Our study confirmed that this statistical adjustment is successful in producing a pattern of teacher ratings that is much less strongly correlated with the incoming achievement level of students.

In a letter published in the Fall 2002 issue, J.E. Stone alludes to ways of minimizing noise, but those statistical adjustments, which are used in the most sophisticated value - added assessments, have the consequences I described in my article: a teacher's rating will depend on the subject she teaches, how large her classes are, how long she has been in the current system - in short, any factors that affect the quality and quantity of the available data.

Sanders also writes that statistical adjustments can accommodate any problems that might arise from scale indeterminacy.

However, the early dropouts in Abecedarian were not pretested and followed, so no statistical adjustment is possible.

The problem, she said in a separate analysis, is that Ms. Raymond compared the achievement of individual charter students with that of groups of students from nearby public schools, without making the statistical adjustments necessary to account for the natural downward biases that result from that sort of calculation.

While authors suggest that statistical adjustments be made, I'm not certain I agree with this for the same research - based reasons I don't agree with this approach with VAMs — no matter how sophisticated the statistics they do not work to effectively control for such bias;

No statistical adjustments were needed to correct for bias, so a comparison between classrooms within the same school can be regarded as a comparison of «true value - added».

Statistical adjustment is based on a statistical model that predicts how teacher A's students would have done if they had been assigned to teacher B and how teacher B's students would have done if they had been assigned to teacher A.

During the next year, pairs of teachers within schools were randomly assigned to student rosters, enabling the researchers to compute unbiased value - added scores with no statistical adjustment.

Researchers concluded that because districts «do not have processes in place to address the possible biases in observational scores,» statistical adjustments might be made to offset said bias, as might external observers / raters be brought in to yield more «objective» observational assessments of teachers.

On the other hand, the fact that there are very few states like California make it difficult to make statistical adjustments to compare to another state where financial history is relevant to rating and underwriting.

On the other hand, the fact that there are very few states like California make it difficult to make statistical adjustments to compare to another state where financial history is relevant to rating and underwriting.

Statistical adjustment for markers of home learning, family routines and psychosocial environments did more to explain the income gap in socioemotional difficulties than in cognitive test scores.

In additional analyses we tested whether the association between food insecurity and long - term behavioural problems 1) was robust to statistical adjustment on behavioural problems prior to age 4 1/2; 2) differed depending on the child's sex.