Not exact matches
Translation: many of the
schools are given a ranked number, even though in a good deal of cases there is no
statistical basis for the
difference between one EMBA program and another.
According to Robert Hall, professor of pediatrics at the University of Missouri
School of Medicine in Kansas City, there was no
statistical difference in growth, language development, vision or cognitive development among the children studied, although in most categories the breast - fed infants did show slightly better performance.
In order to separate student characteristics from aspects of segregated public
schools, Kainz used a
statistical technique called «propensity score matching,» which allows for comparison of reading growth in segregated and non-segregated
schools, while also accounting for numerous
differences in the students» backgrounds.
After this yearlong effort, the authors found stark
statistical differences between the
schools that had participated versus those that hadn't.
The most important characteristic included among our
statistical controls is 8th - grade test score, which aims to capture
differences in student ability and students» educational experiences prior to high
school.
Students in magnet public
schools have slightly higher scores than assigned public
school students, although the
difference does not approach
statistical significance.
The
statistical analysis relied exclusively on some crudely measured
differences across
schools, such as the number of days in the
school year or the presence of a science lab.
The researchers also point out there were 1290 unique
school and grade combinations in the study sample — an average of 40 students per combination — which meant it «lacked
statistical power to find significant
differences between treatment conditions or grade levels».
«All of the charter
schools in the study either outperformed or showed no
statistical difference when compared to traditional
schools,» the report read.
One very recent study, using sophisticated
statistical techniques to summarize dozens of analyses across many states and cities, found that charter
schools generally outperform traditional public
schools in math, with little
difference between the two sectors in reading.
This is the exactly what would happen with the
statistical phenomenon of «regression towards the mean» — it indicates a serious flaw in the data analysis and interpretation, and suggests that there is no real
difference between the two types of
schools.
However, there are analytic and
statistical strategies that enable you to control for these
differences, that allow you to better isolate the true relationship between
school choice and student achievement.
The authors assess how different covariates contribute to improving the
statistical power of a randomization design and examine
differences between math and reading tests;
differences between test types (curriculum - referenced tests versus norm - referenced tests); and
differences between elementary
school and secondary
school, to see if the test subject, test type, or grade level makes a large
difference in the crucial design parameters.
Using this methodology in 2009, the CREDO team found that only 17 % of charter
schools outperformed traditional public
schools, while 46 % did worse, and 37 % had no
statistical difference.
The proportion considering leaving was 17 % in the most deprived
schools compared to 19 % in the least, and there was no
statistical difference in desire to leave across the five different levels of deprivation.
The internal consistency of the CBCL in our sample, specifically the
School subscale, was somewhat low, reducing
statistical power (Bacon, 2004); however, our sample size and matched design provided enough power to uncover as statistically significant even small
differences between the groups on this measure.