Whereas McDowall had expected the effects of the liberalized laws to be greatest in Miami, the biggest city in the study and the one with the
highest crime rate, the rise in homicides there was too small to be
statistically significant.
Public charter schools, transit access, and violent
crime rates Elementary school neighborhoods with the
highest public charter school participation
rates are
statistically different in all categories aside from home ownership and population change, which is aligned with differences in characteristics for neighborhoods with
high and low boundary participation.