In September, 2016, these family
status discrimination cases and the appropriate test to be applied in Ontario were discussed by the Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario (HRTO) in Misetich v. Value Village Stores Inc..
Not exact matches
After all, targeted harassment is usually a means of asserting control and defending
status on the part of the harasser, to leave victims «afraid, despairing, utterly alone, and complicit,» as Catharine A. MacKinnon wrote in her 1979 book «Sexual Harassment of Working Women: A
Case of Sex
Discrimination.»
His article, titled «We need to rethink recruitment for men in primary schools» and published in The Conversation, summarises the
status quo (just 19 per cent of full - time primary educators are male), and goes on to make a
case for the kind of positive
discrimination that is becoming apparent in other sectors and industries.
Applying the newly - articulated test to Ms. Johnstone, the Court upheld the Tribunal's conclusion that she had made out a
case of prima facie
discrimination on the basis of family
status.
The Court concluded that to make a
case of
discrimination on the basis of sex or family
status related to breastfeeding, proper evidence would be required.
There are civil rights laws that limit this discretion in the
case, for example, of
discrimination based on race, or family
status.
In
cases where low caste
status and religion coincide, religious
discrimination provisions could theoretically cover caste
discrimination if caste - specific provisions are lacking.
In finding that the applicant had not been discriminated against on the basis of sex or family
status the Honourable Justice Johanne Trudel directed her attention to the four factors necessary to establish a prima facie
case of
discrimination on the basis of family
status.
I need not further discuss the Board's analysis of
case law dealing with the question of whether work requirements that impact an employee's breastfeeding schedule constitute
discrimination on the basis of sex or family
status.
[33] It seems to me that to make a
case of
discrimination on the basis of sex or family
status related to breastfeeding, an applicant would have to provide proper evidence, foreseeably divulging confidential information.
Specifically, the Tribunal held that the test for
discrimination was the same in all
cases and expressly rejected the family
status test set out by the Federal Court of Appeal in Johnstone, which it viewed as creating a higher standard for family
status claims than
cases based on other forms of
discrimination.
Cases such as this largely depend on their particular facts, although the board did rely on the principles set out by the Federal Court of Appeal's Johnstone decision to determine whether there was a prima facie
case of
discrimination based on family
status.
However, courts and administrative decision - makers historically have struggled to consistently approach both the contents of the protection afforded under the ground of family
status and the appropriate test individuals must satisfy in order to establish a prima facie
case of family
status discrimination.
In examining the
case law on family
status, the Tribunal took issue with the existence of a different test for family
discrimination (the Johnstone test) than the test for
discrimination on the basis of other protected grounds.
While this
case involved
discrimination in the provision of services, the principles enunciated by the Tribunal are important for any employer whose employee makes a family
status related accommodation request.
Notably, in both
cases, the Tribunal concluded the employee had not proven
discrimination on the basis of family
status.
But this — and potentially the test — changed in 2017: two Ontario Human Rights Tribunal decisions, Misetich v. Value Village Stores Inc. and subsequently Ananda v. Humber College Institute of Technology & Advanced Learning, dealt with that issue — and flat - out rejected the notion that the test for establishing
discrimination on the basis of family
status differs from the test in the
case of any other protected ground for several reasons, including:
The CNR argued that CHRT had erred in finding that a
case of family
status discrimination had been made out, in finding that the CNR had not met its duty to accommodate, and in awarding extra damages based on CNR's reckless conduct.
This suggests that he would have found that there was a prima facie
case of family
status discrimination whether he followed the Campbell River or the Johnstone approach.
As a consequence, if on the facts of the particular
case as ultimately determined by the lower court, the differential treatment had no justification other than that of marital
status, it was capable of amounting to impermissible
discrimination.
The duty to accommodate family
status will only arise when there is a prima facie
case of
discrimination.
That being the
case, the test in the
case of family
status discrimination had to take into account the following fact (at paragraph 88):
The legal issues we've been asked to address in recent months include: social media in the workplace; how to navigate the grievance and arbitration process; human rights issues in collective bargaining; family
status discrimination; and an update on recent arbitration
cases.
In Misetich, Vice-Chair Scott reviews the principal family
status cases and proposes yet another test for
discrimination.
The court used a four - part test to determine whether a complainant has presented a prima facie
case of
discrimination on the prohibited ground of family
status:
The rulings confirm that child care obligations fall under the scope of family
status under the Canadian Human Rights Act, and clarify the test for meeting a prima facie
case of
discrimination on the prohibited ground of family
status.
The Tribunal disagreed with prior
cases that had applied distinct «tests» for establishing family
status discrimination, including Johnstone.
In like manner, the Federal Court of Appeal had no trouble finding that both complainants were able to make out a prima facie
case where alleged workplace
discrimination existed on the prohibited ground of family
status.
The seminal
cases dealing with
discrimination based on family
status more often than not address the issue of caregiving.
Half the
cases were
discrimination complaints based on disability or familial
status, the two protected classes added most recently to the Fair Housing Act.
The problem with your particular
case would be the marketability when trying to promote it as «great for your adult children» or «let your parents live in the in - law suite» - however you phrase your rental ads, this would violate Fair Housing rules that prohibit
discrimination based on familial
status.