Sentences with phrase «stem cell surface»

Levels of expression of pluripotency genes declined in parallel with the levels of stem cell surface antigens.

The pathways that connect expression of stem cell surface glycoconjugates such as the TRA -1-60 / GCTM - 2 antigen, receptors, and growth factors in human and even mouse ES cells with the transcriptional networks that regulate pluripotency remain unclear.

Oct - 4 is most consistently expressed of the pluripotency genes that we have studied, and it is switched off only in populations that have lost other measurable features of pluripotency, such as stem cell surface marker expression and the capacity for self - renewal.

Cells along the continuum show a progressively decreasing likelihood of self renewal as their expression of stem cell surface markers and pluripotency genes wanes.

Since very few studies have demonstrated the formation of macro-metastasis from low numbers of sorted CSCs and currently proposed CSC markers might not be sufficient to identify all stem cell populations [13], we believe that our study presents a promising approach to isolate stem - like and metastatic breast CSCs as opposed to the cell - sorting strategy based on putative stem cell surface markers.

The surprising discovery made by the Dresden - based researchers: two components in the stem cell environment — the extracellular matrix and thyroid hormones — work together with a protein molecule found on the stem cell surface, a so - called integrin.

Not exact matches

When blank slate stem cells are exposed to a soft as opposed to a hard surface on which to grow, they begin to transform themselves into neurons, the large, complex cells of the central nervous system.

Stiffer surfaces favored the stem cell state.

When they looked closely, however, they noted that the transformed cells had surface proteins that were common to stem cells.

Now, in a new study published today, Sept. 8, in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, a team of researchers from the University of Wisconsin - Madison has added a new wrinkle to the cell differentiation equation, showing that the stiffness of the surfaces on which stem cells are grown can exert a profound influence on cell fate.

Several studies have used cell - surface markers — proteins found on the outer membranes of tumor cells — to identify glioblastoma stem cells; but the specific markers used have been controversial and can not reflect molecular processes going on within tumor cells.

They also showed that the cells have most of the surface «markers» considered as identifiers of embryonic stem cells and form «embryoid bodies» — characteristic clumps of cells formed by ESCs.

Finally, the team grew the tissue in a three - dimensional system, which coaxed it into forming all the structures found in gut tissue, including the finger - like villi that protrude inwards to increase surface area, and recesses called crypts containing the intestinal stem cells that renew the gut lining weekly (Nature, DOI: 10.1038 / nature09691).

«Growing stem cells on synthetic surfaces with different levels of compliance showed that stem cells would become a different cell type depending solely on the mechanical environment they perceive.

«The antibody binds to a specific protein, called CD44s, which is expressed on the surface of pancreatic cancer stem cells.

There, the stem cells gradually moved to a spot just under the ovary's surface, where they settled down and turned into eggs.

Still, a few stem cell therapies have now been approved, such as a treatment available in India that takes stem cells from the patient's eye in order to regrow the surface of their cornea, and a US product based on other people's bone stem cells.

By mimicking the stiffness of bone (40 kilopascal) or cartilage (15 kilopascal), the gel causes stem cells applied to its surface to differentiate.

A caveat of the study is that the gel does not exactly replicate the microenvironment inside the body, so it's not clear whether stem cells behave differently on the designed gel surfaces.

In the paper, the scientists report that their method produced more than twice the yield of potential bone - makers (9 percent) compared to their best application of another method: sorting cells based on surface proteins presumed to indicate that a cell is a stem cell (4 percent).

Because HIV uses CD4 to infect cells, the researchers used a CAR molecule that hijacks the essential interaction between HIV and the cell surface molecule CD4 to make stem cell - derived T - cells target infected cells.

Dr. Basu had previously developed a technique to obtain ocular stem cells from tiny biopsies at the surface of the eye and a region between the cornea and sclera known as the limbus.

We found that delivery of stem cells initiates regeneration of healthy corneal tissue rather than scar leaving a clear, smooth surface.»

When the scientists remove these surface proteins from the niche glial cells, the stem cells begin to grow and prematurely form new daughter cells.

In addition, Berger's team has identified two surface proteins located on the neural stem cells and the surrounding niche glial cells that are responsible for the interactions between these cells.

The EMT is a biological process wherein epithelial cells (cells that line the cavities and surfaces of blood vessels and organs) become mesenchymal (skeletal) stem cells that can move throughout the body and differentiate into a variety of cell types.

A stem cell is generally characterized by the presence of various proteins — or cell markers — on its outer surface.

Researchers at Karolinska Institutet have identified cell surface markers specific for the very earliest stem cells in the human embryo.

They have screened combinations of antibodies that bind to specific proteins on the surface of the immature and mature stem cells and that can be used for flow cytometry, a common laboratory technique for sorting cells.

RIKEN launched an investigation after claims of image manipulation and plagiarism surfaced regarding a research article and a letter published online in Nature on 29 January that described a new, simple way of creating stem cells called STAP, for stimulus - triggered acquisition of pluripotency.

Comparing the markers on these stem cells with those on the surfaces of cancer cells, Johnson adds, will also help scientists determine if stem cells contribute to prostate malignancies.

«We've not had cell surface markers for the different stem cell states before, which has made it hard to study them,» says Fredrik Lanner, assistant professor at Karolinska Institutet's Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology.

Each microsphere is coated with collagen — a natural structural material — to provide a surface on which the stem and blood cells can anchor themselves and proliferate.

For example, the researchers were able to identify previously unknown gene expression differences between the neural stem cells that give rise to the brain's deep structures versus its neocortical surface, and to show that molecular signatures of different neural cell types arise much earlier in brain development than previously realized.

The undifferentiated stem cells were then placed onto a circular - patterned surface that served to physically regulate cell differentiation and growth.

The nanoparticles with the negative biomolecules on their surface promoted stem cell proliferation but suppressed «matrix mineralization»: the process that leads to the deposition of minerals into the bone's scaffolding, which makes bones strong.

The stem cells behaved as if they were on a soft surface when in contact with the smallest patches because they can't firmly grip them.

In contrast, stem cells grown on softer surfaces do go on to differentiate.

The research builds on the team's previous work with a technique called three - dimensional culture, which involves incubating stem cells in a floating ball - shaped aggregate, unlike traditional cell culture in which cells grow in a flat layer on the surface of a culture dish.

«By changing the surface properties like the shape of the substrate at the nanoscale level, we tricked the stem cells to behave differently,» explains co-author Dr Julien Gautrot, from QMUL's School of Engineering and Materials Science and the Institute of Bioengineering.

Significantly, cells with reduced mtDNA became self - renewing and expressed specific cell surface markers characteristic of breast cancer stem cells.

As these stem cells divide, the cortex increases its surface area, expanding like an inflating balloon, says neuroscientist Victor Borrell of the Institute of Neurosciences of Alicante in Spain.

Researchers at the Babraham Institute and the Karolinska Institute report today in Cell Stem Cell that they have identified a set of proteins (molecular «flags») that are present on the surface of either naïve or primed human embryonic stem ceStem Cell that they have identified a set of proteins (molecular «flags») that are present on the surface of either naïve or primed human embryonic stem cestem cells.

In studies of neural development in mice, Stahl found that TRNP1 produces a protein that determines whether neural stem cells self - replicate, leading to a balloonlike expansion of cortical surface area, or whether they differentiate into a plethora of intermediate stem cell types and neurons, thickening the cortex and forming more complex brain structures.

Researchers have identified a set of molecular «flags» that are present on the surface of human stem cells.

To devise a potential new therapy, the investigators engineered a population of neural stem cells to express a potent version of a gene called TRAIL, which codes for a molecule that activates cell - death - inducing receptors found only on the surface of cancer cells.

Another lab ran into a similar problem when it tried to replicate work by Stanford stem cell biologist Irving Weissman and his colleagues, who reported in 2012 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences that an antibody to a tumor cell surface receptor called CD47 can slow tumor growth in mice.

Doctoral student Laura Hamilton was astonished to find fat droplets near the stem cells, on the inner surface of the brain in mice predisposed to develop the disease.

In this case, the gold nanoparticles are conjugated with antibodies against SSEA - 5 or TRA -1-60, proteins that are found on the surfaces of stem cells.

«For the first time, we may have potentially found a way to direct a person's own stem cells to the bone surface where they can regenerate bone,» says co-investigator Dr. Nancy Lane of UC Davis.