The derivation
of stem cells from embryos remaining following infertility treatments is justifiable only if no less morally problematic alternatives are available for advancing the research.
In a recent white paper, the President's Council on Bioethics outlined four proposals for obtaining embryonic stem cells without destroying living human embryos:
obtaining stem cells from embryos that are clinically dead, removing stem cells without harming the embryo, creating non-embryonic entities that produce usable stem cells, and converting adult cells into embryonic stem cells by a process of genetic reprogramming.
In humans, the goal of SCNT is «nonreproductive cloning» — making embryos, then
removing stem cells from the embryo and cultivating them to grow into tissues that could cure diseases, replace organs and heal injuries.
Scientists at the Babraham Institute, EMBL - EBI and the Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute examined the genetics of
stem cells from embryos at the earliest stages of development.
Thomson, who in 1998 became the first scientist to extract
human stem cells from embryos, says his group began seeking these factors four years ago, but chose to work with human cells.
His executive order allowed funding on embryonic stem - cell lines derived from embryos that had already been destroyed, but excluded funding of research using
stem cells from embryos destroyed after August 9, 2001 (the date of his announced policy).
Research groups are now speeding ahead with work on adult stem cells, hoping to discover whether their promise will rival that
of stem cells from embryos or fetuses.
Replacing brain cells
using stem cells from embryos was tried before but didn't work well, probably because we didn't understand how to look after the cells, nurture them to become neurons and get them to make the right connections when transplanted into HD brain.
Stem cells from embryos (ES cells) could provide a wealth of new cells but spark ethical objections.