So looking for both increased rainfall in wet areas and a shift
in storm tracks away from the equator helped the researchers separate the signal of climate change from the noise of natural variability.
Possible causes include
changing storm tracks, higher winds and more intense winter storms — all signs of global climate change.
Such droughts may be simply initiated by chance events, such as random fluctuations in
storm tracks over the years.
However, it's possible to get warm rains during the winter, if
storm tracks move to the southwest.
As sea surface temperatures capable of sustaining tropical storms spread and increase, might we expect longer lasting tropical systems and perhaps altered or
new storm tracks?
There are going to be shifts
in storm tracks and the intensity of the cold air outbreaks that you get in the winter.
They
change storm tracks, cloud cover and other weather patterns, and they have devastating effects on fisheries and other industries.
Models also project a poleward shift
of storm tracks in both hemispheres by several degrees of latitude.
El Nino Years (when the
Pacific storm track drops further south) are particularly legendary in Ecuador.
2007/04/23: ClimPast: Northern hemisphere
winter storm tracks of the Eemian interglacial and the last glacial inception by F. Kaspar et al..
A trend from the 1970s to the 1990s towards a deeper polar vortex and Iceland Low associated with a positive phase of the NAM in winter (Hurrell, 1995; Thompson et al., 2000; Ostermeier and Wallace, 2003) was accompanied by intensification and poleward displacement of the Atlantic polar frontal jet and associated enhancement of the
Atlantic storm track activity (Chang and Fu, 2002; Harnik and Chang, 2003).
The team then compared the oxygen isotope ratio for each year's wet season from 1990 to 2010 with a cyclone activity index of the average accumulated energy expended, based on factors such as number of cyclones, cyclone strength, size and time
on storm track.
The NOAA Historical Hurricane Tracks online tool allows anyone to search and view
storm tracks as far back as 1848.
La Nina, among other things, seems to nurture Atlantic hurricanes, push the North American winter
storm track further north, and bring heat and drought to the West.
It will provide crews with better forecasts and real - time, localized monitoring of weather, as well as key storm - related information such as live radar, satellite images of road conditions, and
forecasted storm tracks.
Harvey, B. J., Shaffrey, L. C. & Woollings, T. J. Equator - to - pole temperature differences and the
extra-tropical storm track responses of the CMIP5 climate models.
Finds this expansion has intensified the subtropical ridge over southern Australia, pushing cool season
midlatitude storm tracks further south, leading to a reduction in winter rainfall and runoff across the region
Cloud systems associated
with storm tracks currently exert a cooling effect at lower latitudes.
Warm conditions are currently being experienced as mild offshore flow and persistent geopotential height ridging allow for a weak
storm track across the Eastern Pacific.
But the models also show that the warming
causes storm tracks to shift offshore and northward, away from New York City.
The puzzle of a shared 20 to 30 year pulse in both hemispheres is traced mechanistically back to changing polar surface pressure fields —
influencing storm tracks in high latitudes.
However, the present very strong El Niño is expected to substantially strengthen the subtropical jet stream and associated low -
latitude storm track near California this winter, which will bring the potential for more frequent and dynamically stronger systems than would typically occur during the December - March period.
Averaged over the northern mid-latitudes, future
mean storm track activity showed little change during the winter, but significant decreases during the summer.
Computer modeling and satellite observations suggest that these tiny particles can increase storm - cloud cover over certain regions of the North Pacific by 20 to 50 percent, enough to
alter storm tracks in some cases.
We have come out of a few decades that thanks to a warm Pacific resulted in a dominance of El Ninos and its typical
southern storm tracks and warm, dry western North America.
Perusing hurricane
storm tracks since 1850 (illustration below) reveals it was Sandy's unusual perpendicular approach to the coast that enhanced storm surge.
«If a poleward displacement of the mid-latitude
storm tracks also occurs, this will shift mid-latitude precipitation poleward, impacting regional agriculture, economy, and society.»
During the period from 2003 to 2008, the
average storm track forecast had an error that was down to less than 200 miles at 72 hours, and less than 100 miles at 48 hours.
There are strong competing effects such as changes in the large - scale atmospheric circulation, sea surface temperature changes like El Niño and La Niña and the dynamics of
westerly storm tracks that all interact at the mid-latitudes,» said Stanford co-author Matthew Winnick who contributed to the study with fellow doctoral student Daniel Ibarra.
This has resulted in a more
northern storm track (and as we reported in earlier stories (here and here and here), record monthly or seasonal snows).
Using the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) ensemble, Jascha Lehmann from Germany's Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research and colleagues rolled climate forward to 2100 and looked at the change in
storm tracks under a high carbon - dioxide - emissions scenario.
«While those storms that strike New York City might be bigger and stronger, there may be fewer of them as changing
storm tracks increasingly steer the storms away from NYC and toward other regions.»
To more accurately
predict storm tracks, landfalls and damage risks, researchers are focusing their attention on individual storms and past behavior to reduce the «cone of uncertainty»
It runs
potential storm tracks through sophisticated computer models to determine the way water might flow over the landscape when a hurricane hits and produces maps that are color - coded for various danger levels.
Prevalent
storm tracks along the northern branches of the jet stream typically cut to our west and / or redevelop as coastal storms to our north, and we are left either warm and rainy, or dry.
In short, California's rain and snowfall are sensitive to both tropical and mid-latitude atmospheric circulation changes — and these ridges are effectively
pushing storm tracks away from the state.