Or if you look at Klemeà... ⟠ take on long - term variability, you need look no further than long - term «storage» of energy in things like glaciers, or even in
stratified ocean layers.
Not exact matches
The rising temperatures cause
layers of
ocean water to
stratify so the more oxygen - rich surface waters are less able to mix with oxygen - poor waters from the deeper
ocean.
Increased
ocean temperatures also make the waters more
stratified — preventing nutrient - rich water from below from rising to the surface and oxygen - rich water from reaching the middle
layers.
The
ocean is known to be thermally
stratified, with a warm
layer, some hundreds of meters thick, lying on top of a cold deep
ocean (a).
With less mixing, respiration by organisms in the mid-water
layers of
stratified oceans will produce oxygen - poor waters, so - called oxygen minimum zones (OMZs).
Please refer to textbooks like the book of S.A. Thorpe The turbulent
ocean, Cambridge University Press, 2005, 439 pages, for an explanation that the idea of a
stratified ocean limited to a 50 m top
layer is foreign to reality.
Changes in
ocean - atmosphere circulation have left the southern
ocean stratified − a cold
layer at the surface, and a warmer
ocean lapping the base of the ice below.
When the MJO inhibits convection, light winds and clear skies allow the upper few meters of the
ocean to warm and separate into stable
layers stratified by temperature and salinity.
Were this not so, only the surface
oceans would warm, the surface
layers would
stratify, and surface warming would be occurring much faster than it is.
In such events, the
oceans become
stratified, with warm
layers acting as «lid» on deeper, cooler water.
The Arctic
Ocean is highly
stratified with a roughly 50 metre thick
layer of cold relatively fresh water above a thermocline where the water temperature and salinity both increase with depth.