Sentences with phrase «stratospheric temperatures»

The source of the difference in mean lapse rate feedback between the two studies is unclear, but may relate to inappropriate inclusion of stratospheric temperature response in some feedback analyses (Soden and Held, 2006).

Although the precise causes of such differences are unclear, model biases in lower stratospheric temperature trends are likely to be reduced by more realistic treatment of stratospheric ozone depletion and volcanic aerosol forcing.

, the basic issue is that stratospheric temperatures change in response to local effects, they do not change because the troposphere does (i.e. troposphere warming does NOT imply stratosphere cooling).

Labitzke, K. & McCormick, M. P. Stratospheric temperature increases due to Pinatubo aerosols.

The traditional radiative forcing is computed with all tropospheric properties held fixed at their unperturbed values, and after allowing for stratospheric temperatures, if perturbed, to readjust to radiative - dynamical equilibrium.

CORRECTION however, the presence of such a substance would itself make the inital stratospheric temperature warmer than otherwise.

This illustrates that tropospheric aerosols and / or natural variability (the two mechanisms proposed to have counteracted CO2 increases during that period) do not affect stratospheric temperatures in the same way that CO2 does.

One has to wonder why the IPCC has chosen to deny solar variability on the basis of cooling stratospheric temperatures.

Furthermore, reaction probability measurements reveal that the chlorine radical precursors are formed readily at polar stratospheric temperatures not just on NAT and ice crystals, but also on liquid H2SO4 solutions and on solid H2SO4 hydrates.

This increase in stratospheric temperature with height to the stratopause and the decrease beyond is due to UV solar heating by ozone, independent and unrelated to the greenhouse effect, but nevertheless superimposed on the monotonically decreasing greenhouse temperature profile.

Since 1979 the Stratospheric sounding units (SSUs) on the NOAA operational satellites provided near global stratospheric temperature data above the lower stratosphere.

«A long - term decrease in ozone might systematically affect stratospheric temperatures so that the beginning of winter could be colder than in our simulation,» say Austin and his colleagues.

We have a longer term trend of decreasing stratospheric temperatures well beyond this period.

This would tend to reduce the potential for TOA forcing even more, leading to more stratospheric cooling in response to an increase in CO2; however, the presence of such a substance would itself make the inital stratospheric temperature warmer than otherwise.

There have been no significant long - term trends in global - mean lower stratospheric temperatures since about 1995.

In fact, it is because stratospheric temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere winter / spring are generally slightly warmer than those in the Southern Hemisphere that ozone losses over the Arctic have been much smaller than over the Antarctic during the 1980s and early 1990s.

Lower stratospheric temperatures feature cooling since 1979.

Three main factors influence stratospheric temperatures: major volcanic events, ozone depletion, and greenhouse gas emissions.

Second, there's the observation that, during the period ranging from about 1960 to 1995, stratospheric temperatures showed a net cooling.

However, we are still uncertain about whether a long - term Antarctic stratospheric temperature warming might be reducing this ozone depletion.»

An increase of stratospheric temperature over Antarctica would decrease the ozone hole's area.

Satellite and ground - based measurements show that chlorine levels are declining, but stratospheric temperature analyses in that region are less reliable for determining long - term trends.

The figure below shows the lower stratospheric temperature results from climate models using both all forcings and natural forcings only from 1880 to 2012.

Another confirmation test would be to use a time series of stratospheric temperature as a proxy in this regard, since the stratosphere warms at volcanic eruption peaks due to the absorption of longwave radiation from below and also near - IR absorption.

In particular, since the sensitivity of these processes depends enormously on the current state, getting the present day stratospheric temperatures correct near the pole is crucial.

He added that in our own, non-grey gas atmosphere, increased CO2 should raise stratospheric temperatures in the absence of ozone.

«Climate models show cooler stratospheric temperatures happen when there is more water vapor present» «The stratosphere is the typically dry layer of the atmosphere above the troposphere, where temperatures increase with height.»