Sentences with phrase «stratospheric water»
"Stratospheric water" refers to water vapor that is present in the Earth's stratosphere, which is a layer of our atmosphere located above the troposphere. Full definition
Plugging the changes in water vapour into a climate model that looks at the way different substances absorb and emit infrared radiation, they conclude that between 2000 and 2009 a drop in stratospheric water vapour of less than one part per million slowed the rate of warming at the Earth's surface by about 25 %.
economist.com
In fact, since 1980 (the start of the data analyzed), an overall increase in stratospheric water vapor content as been responsible for perhaps 15 % of the overall temperature increase.
Some of the mid-latitude increase of stratospheric water vapor (1 % per year) over the period of 1980 - 2006 can be explained by the increase of atmospheric methane, but not all.
Stuber, N., M. Ponater, and R. Sausen, 2001: Is the climate sensitivity to ozone perturbations enhanced by stratospheric water vapor feedback?
However, ozone reponses to climate changes are quite sensitive to the initial base state (how much stratospheric water vapour was there?
Methane enhances its own lifetime through changes in the OH concentration: it leads to changes in tropospheric ozone, enhances stratospheric water vapour levels, and produces CO2.
The climate model reproduces the temperature trends only when stratospheric water vapor also increases.
A new El Niño cycle — warmer surface waters — began last summer, which may mean that stratospheric water levels could change again.
Based on these results, declining stratospheric water vapor would account for only about one - fourth of the slow - down in warming.
The study includes an estimate of the effect of the observed stratospheric water decadal decrease by calculating the radiation flux with and without the change, and comparing this to the increase in CO2 forcing over the same period.
Although earlier data are less complete, the observations also suggest that stratospheric water contributed to enhancing the warming observed during 1980 — 2000.
When it was first observed a few years ago, there were lots of theories — including things like stratospheric water vapor, solar cycles, stratospheric aerosol forcing.
To evaluate this hypothesis, we test whether stratospheric water vapor (or black carbon) is related to either; (i) errors in the long - run relation between radiative forcing and surface temperature, (ii) errors in the error correction model that represents the dynamics by which surface temperature adjusts to long - and short - run determinants, or (iii) errors in the forecast that is generated by the full statistical model (SI Appendix: Section 2.7).
We find no relation between stratospheric water vapor and error in the dynamics by which surface temperature adjusts to long - and short - run determinants, or the simulation errors generated by the full statistical model.
If that isn't enough Marotzke says, «However, climate models do not illustrate stratospheric water vapour very well, the prognoses thus remain vague.»
This modell shurely will not include the new findings of Susan Solomon regarding stratospheric water vapor and it's influence to global temperatures.
If we believe Solomons findings stratospheric water vapor was responsible for a big amount of warming since 1979 and even for about 25 % less warming since about 2000.
Second, this is a discussion about stratospheric water vapour (10 to 15 km above the surface), not water vapour in general.
The contributions of stratospheric water vapour and ozone, volcanic eruptions, and organic and black carbon are small.»
I'll then back the 15 % warming influence from stratospheric water vapor changes since 1980 out of the «corrected» data in Figure 2.
Oinas, V., A.A. Lacis, D. Rind, D.T. Shindell, and J.E. Hansen, 2001: Radiative cooling by stratospheric water vapor: Big differences in GCM results.
A change in stratospheric water vapour because of the increase in methane over the industrial period would be a forcing of the climate (and is one of the indirect effects of methane we discussed last year), but a change in the tropopause flux is a response to other factors in the climate system.
That said, the models that Soloman and her co-authors use still show significant warming over the past decade even when stratospheric water vapor is declining (they give a rise of 0.10 C instead of 0.14 C, a 0.04 degree C difference).
«Methane's growth rate has dropped, so it'll have become a weaker source of stratospheric water, but we don't fully understand why its concentrations have not increased as rapidly in recent years as they did for the previous several decades.»
All told, stratospheric water vapor declined by 10 percent since 2000, based on satellite and balloon measurements, yet that was enough to appreciably affect temperatures at ground level according to climate models.
13 The slower rate of warming in the past decade might be due to a 10 percent drop in stratospheric water.
Including well - mixed solar and stratospheric water that becomes 0.215 W / m ².
Recent studies have shown a doubling of stratospheric water vapour, likely from increasing atmospheric heights due to global warming, overshooting thunderstorm tops from stronger tropical cyclones and mesoscale convective systems etc...
I would assume that the increase in stratospheric water vapour would make for a thicker vail of sulfuric acid given a large volcanic eruption.
Forster, P.M. de F., and K.P. Shine, 2002: Assessing the climate impact of trends in stratospheric water vapour.
The forcing due to reduced amounts of long lived GHGs (CO2, CH4, N2O) was -3 ± 0.5 W / m2, with the indirect effects of CH4 on tropospheric ozone and stratospheric water vapor included (fig.
The most important non-CO2 forcing is methane, whose increases in turn cause tropospheric ozone and stratospheric water vapor to increase.
Previous studies suggested that stratospheric water vapor might contribute significantly to climate change.
The radiative effects of increased stratospheric water vapor act to cool the stratosphere and warm the troposphere and are described by Oinas et al (2001) «Radiative cooling by stratospheric water vapor: big differences in GCM results» GRL 28, 2791 - 2794.