Sentences with phrase «stratospheric water vapor included»

The forcing due to reduced amounts of long lived GHGs (CO2, CH4, N2O) was -3 ± 0.5 W / m2, with the indirect effects of CH4 on tropospheric ozone and stratospheric water vapor included (fig.

Not exact matches

When it was first observed a few years ago, there were lots of theories — including things like stratospheric water vapor, solar cycles, stratospheric aerosol forcing.

Instead, they discuss new ways of playing around with the aerosol judge factor needed to explain why 20th - century warming is about half of the warming expected for increased in GHGs; and then expand their list of fudge factors to include smaller volcanos, stratospheric water vapor (published with no estimate of uncertainty for the predicted change in Ts), transfer of heat to the deeper ocean (where changes in heat content are hard to accurately measure), etc..

A second factor is Polar Stratospheric Cloud (PSC) that form when gases including water vapor sublimate directly to crystals because of the intensely low temperatures -LRB--70 °C and below) and pressures over the South Pole.

These include the influences of a changing climate, altered air mixing and transport rates, energy exchange, and changes in the composition of the atmosphere (e.g., water vapor, methane, nitrous oxide, aerosols, etc.), all of which can influence stratospheric ozone.

Alternatively, expanding the list of forcings to include recent changes in stratospheric water vapor (6) may account for the recent lack of warming.

These findings are not sensitive to a wide range of assumptions, including the time series used to measure temperature, the omission of black carbon and stratospheric water vapor, and uncertainty about anthropogenic sulfur emissions and its effect on radiative forcing (SI Appendix: Sections 2.4 — 7).

The use of water vapor is also misleading — the findings of Solomon did not include any claim that stratospheric water vapor was unrelated to the concentration of other GHGs, only that it had declined recently (perhaps) for unknown reasons.

Together, these results suggest that stratospheric water vapor (and black carbon) does not have a statistically significant effect on surface temperature relative to the forcings included in the statistical model.

This modell shurely will not include the new findings of Susan Solomon regarding stratospheric water vapor and it's influence to global temperatures.