Sentences with phrase «strength of associations»

Full details of the strength of the associations are included in the technical appendix.

The study relies on mothers» reports of both parenting and children's health, which may have introduced an element of bias and overestimated the strength of associations.

The direction and strength of the associations between the number of childhood exposures and the outcomes were almost identical (data not shown).

Strength of associations decreased as co-morbidity among disorders increased.

Main results in the imputed data - set did not differ substantially from analyses on complete - case data (n = 5186), but the strength of the associations between anxiety and depression symptom exposures and benefit receipt were somewhat stronger in the imputed data - set.

The study involved administering all 3 sets of scales to a general population sample who were then interviewed by clinical interviewers blinded to screening scales scores and classified as having or not having SMI based on 12 - month prevalences of DSM - IV disorders, as assessed by the Structured Clinical Interview (SCID) for DSM - IV16 and scores on the GAF.1 Logistic regression analyses were then carried out to estimate the strength of associations between the screening scales and SMI using linear and nonlinear prediction equations that assumed either additive or multiplicative associations among the different screening scales.

The strength of associations may be overstated when any of these factors are considered in isolation.

Furthermore, positive associations between TSH and LDL as well as total cholesterol levels have been found in cross-sectional studies in euthyroid healthy subjects, and the strength of these associations seems to depend on an individual's insulin sensitivity.We therefore hypothesize that the KD has diminished the production of T3 from T4, thereby reducing the number of LDL receptors and thus reducing LDL particle clearance which might be further impaired due to the missing stimulating effect of insulin on LDL uptake into cells.

«The researchers controlled for a host of psycho - social factors, which greatly reduced the strength of these associations — this suggests that psycho - social factors (things like history of drug problems, parental loss (divorce or death), poor family environment, low self - esteem, social deviance, personality disorders) play an important role in mood and addictive disorders.

The study underscores that the comparative evaluation of strength of associations between health outcomes in elderly people provides a solid evidence base for researchers and health professionals.

«The strength of associations found in this study is comparable to the modest increases that have been found in blood lead, an established risk factor for diminished IQ,» said Dr. Graziano.

To determine whether the presence and strength of the associations between individual risk factors and severe PPH vary among women undergoing prelabor CD or intrapartum CD, stratified analyses are needed according to CD subtype.To identify risk factors for severe PPH within 2 distinct CD populations, prelabor CD and intrapartum CD, we performed 2 case - control studies.

The strength of this association was increased when the sample was restricted to women with no complicating conditions at the start of care in labour (adjusted odds ratio 2.80, 1.59 to 4.92).

When the analysis was restricted to units or trusts with a response rate of at least 85 %, the higher odds of the primary outcome for nulliparous women in the planned home birth group remained, and the strength of this association increased (appendix 5 on bmj.com).

The strength of the association varied depending on the child's weight, time spent at school, the mother's education and the time of day and week, according to the researchers.

The strength of the association between early breastfeeding experience and postpartum depression was similar in magnitude when comparing the complete case with the multiple imputation analyses.

Director of communications, Christopher Graffius, said: «The strong growth in BASC membership, despite a difficult economic situation, is testament to the strength of the Association and the popularity of sporting shooting.»

The strength of the association between smoking and lung cancer is even stronger, with smokers being 35 percent more likely than non-smokers to get lung cancer, but in terms of epidemiology, the 16 percent increased risk of skin cancer in ever - users of UV tanning remains strong.

The longitudinal study, conducted by Monica Bertoia of Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, and colleagues, shows differences by type of fruit or vegetable, suggesting that characteristics of these foods influence the strength of their association with weight change.

«The IAT is an experimental method designed to measure the strengths of associations linking social categories, like blacks versus whites, to evaluative anchors, like good versus bad,» Mo said.

But the strength of the association found was weak, and further evidence has since emerged, prompting the authors to carry out a systematic review of research published up to 2015.

A systematic review of observational studies suggested that smoking cessation after bladder cancer is beneficial, but owing to confounding and methodological concerns of included studies no firm conclusions could be drawn.30 Some observational studies have also shown an association between smoking cessation in patients with head and neck cancer and reduced risk of disease progression and mortality, but the absence of a systematic review and meta - analysis means that the strength of this association is uncertain.31 32 33

Because the GI could be a possible confounder or effect modifier, we stratified analyses by GI; the strength of the association (OR) by quartile was similar to our reported results.

We have enjoyed many important incremental victories, due in large part to the strength of our Association, but to help prevent backsliding and major set - backs, we have to have a movement orientation to our organizing and advocacy.

In 1904, Charles Spearman was able to design a statistical gauge for the strength of association between two variables, which obviously became the basis of the rank correlation coefficient, and was named after its creator (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient).

Clustering and categorization tools may do more than categorize - they may also rank documents in terms of the strength of association within the cluster.

Yet, the strength of the association is real.

This study examined the strength of association of 8 social risk factors, both individually and as part of a cumulative social risk index, on parent - reported child health status.

While any diagnosis of an alcohol use disorder was associated with poor school attendance, in the final models there was little difference between the timing of diagnosis relative to pregnancy and the strength of association with attendance outcomes.

Similar trends held across all quartiles of the disadvantage index, with obese children having lower QOL scores than those who were not overweight, but the strength of association varied.

In both groups, a significant negative association was found between depression and pulmonary function; the strength of this association was comparable.

A meta - analysis of 193 studies was conducted to examine the strength of the association between mothers» depression and children's behavioral problems or emotional functioning.

Spearman rank correlations were used to determine the strength of the association between the variables.

When the dashed line falls below the solid line this indicates a reduction in the strength of association between family adversity and child health when parenting variables are added to the model suggesting that differences in parenting across families with different levels of adversity explain some of the inequalities in child health outcomes.

If parenting is an important explanation for inequalities in health according to level of family adversity, we would expect the strength of the association between family adversity and health (observed in stage 1) to be reduced after controlling for parenting in this way.

In order to find out whether parenting skills explain some of the relationship between family adversity and health outcomes and behaviours, we examined whether the strength of association between adversity and health was reduced when parenting skills were taken into account.

There is a reduction in the strength of the association between family adversity and health behaviours at stage 2 when parenting is controlled for in the models.

When the dashed line falls below the solid line this indicates a reduction in the strength of association between family adversity and child health when parenting variables are added to the model suggesting that differences in parenting across families with different levels of adversity explain some of the inequalities in that health outcome.

A third finding, also consistent with previous research, was that controlling for the number and intensity of child behaviour problems [measured using the Developmental Behavior Checklist; 92] reduced the strength of the association between impairment type (diagnosis) and family life congruence to non-significance.

The focus of this study is on changes in the strength of association among four types of parenting behaviors considered important for children's development: supportive presence, respect for autonomy, stimulation, and hostility.

Emerson et al. [38 • •], for example, conducted a secondary analysis of the Millennium Cohort Study in the UK and found that after matching on socioeconomic variables, probable psychiatric disorder was no more likely to be found among fathers of children with early cognitive delay, and the strength of this association for mothers was substantially diminished.

We found that the strength of the association between attachment and delinquency was negatively related to age, suggesting that the influence of attachment to parents on delinquency weakens as youngsters become older.

According to the criteria of Cohen (1988) for small, moderate and large effect sizes, the strength of the association between attachment and delinquency should be considered small to moderate (r = 0.18).

In estimating class membership, simulation work [41 — 43] demonstrated that the standard three - step modal class approach can introduce bias affecting the strength of the association between the latent classes and observed covariates.

Standardized regression coefficients (β) are presented to quantify the strength of association between pairs of variables.

To test Hypothesis II investigating the effects of parental depression variable on the strength of an association between intelligence and behavior adaptability, first - order interaction variables were created and entered along with demographic covariates in hierarchical regression analyses.

Therefore, the aims of this systematic review are to examine the literature to determine the consistency and strength of association between CSA and later parenting stress and to assess the quality of the studies found.

Logistic regression models estimated the strength of association between SDP and co-occurring risk factors.

«Thanks to the strength of our association, its initiatives in technology, and its success in helping pro — real estate candidates win in Congress, the voice for real estate continues to ring loud and clear.»

The strength of the association comes from our joining together to overcome obstacles to our REALTOR ® Party Values.