Three recent experimental studies focused
on low consumption / exposure.949596 In one study, 29 smokers each consumed a single cigarette, immediately after which they had a significant decrease in
blood vessel output power and significant increase in
blood vessel ageing level and remaining
blood volume 25 minutes later, as markers of atherosclerosis.94 In another study, human coronary artery endothelial cells were exposed to the smoke equivalent to one cigarette, which led to activation of oxidant
stress sensing transcription factor NFR2 and up - regulation of cytochrome p450, considered to have a role in the development of heart disease.95 These effects were not seen when heart cells were exposed to the vapour from one e - cigarette.95 A study exposed adult mice to low intensity tobacco smoke (two cigarettes) for one to two months and found adverse histopathological effects
on brain cells.96
Tightly controlled
blood sugar keeps your brain and
blood vessels healthy, your energy levels and mood even, and doesn't cause undue
stress on either the cortisol or insulin system — which when taxed over time will lead to bigger health problems.
Additionally, maintaining a healthy body condition puts less
stress on all body systems and allows the
blood and lymphatic
vessels to more efficiently function to remove microorganisms.»