The stresses low income children experience include loss of their home, frequent relocations, lack of food, stressed out impatient punishing caregivers, lack of health care, lack of books and toys and many other problems.
Not exact matches
Golden said that parents in
low -
income areas are subjected to «toxic
stress» that affects their ability to relate to their
children.
In addition, scientists suspect that the
stress of living in
low -
income areas with high rates of crime and other stressors may make
children more vulnerable to the effects of pollutants, perhaps by altering their hormones and immune systems.
«Early life
stress affects cognitive functioning in
low -
income children.»
Looking to explain why
income matters, they found evidence in support of two central theories, one relating to parents» ability to invest in goods and services that further
child development, and the other relating to the
stress and anxiety parents suffer caused by
low income.
Many
low -
income children, who are under significant
stress, don't develop the self - regulation and planning skills needed for academic achievement.
The largest problem we have in terms of vulnerability of
children is
low -
income, highly
stressed environments.
It sheds light on specific needs of Chinese immigrant families who have to send their
child to China to be raised while parents work in the U.S.. By studying closely the unique circumstances pertaining to prolonged separation, parenting practice, and related family challenges (
low income, parental
stress, lack of social support), preventive measures can be developed to promote and safeguard the overall wellbeing of the parent and the
child.
Low -
income fathers often face the additional challenge of not having sufficient education, skills, and other resources to bring to their relationships, making them less likely to be able to provide financially and build and maintain healthy relationships.9 Likewise, the
stresses and anxieties that come with poverty can negatively influence relationships between partners and between parents and their
children.10
The study revealed that mothers of
children with autism faced high levels of
stress and that
stress was associated with levels of anxiety, depression,
low monthly
income,
low educational level and the
child's behavioral symptoms.
All studies agreed that mother younger than 30 years old,
child younger than 6 years old, recently time diagnosed,
low educational level,
low monthly
income and single parent were related to high level of parenting
stress of
children with autistic disorder.
Fact: A 2012 study examining non-resident fathers» involvement, mothers» parenting and
stress, and
children's behavioural and cognitive development in
low -
income single - mother families found «indirect» benefits from fathers» payment of
child support and good quality parenting because these influenced the mothers» parenting, which had a direct effect.
Indeed, families acted to maintain their standard of living in the face of stagnant and falling wages, earnings, and
incomes during the 1970s and 1980s by having fewer
children and sending both parents into the workforce, a strategy that undoubtedly has increased the
stress on
low -
income two - parent families (Levy, 1988), and that contributed to the rise in out - of - wedlock births as a proportion of all births.
To estimate the prevalence of mild to high
stress in
low -
income parents and the percentage of
children with poorer HRQOL and more behavioural problems compared with the population norm.
Although living on a
low income can be stressful, many
stressed parents are still able to provide adequate care to their
children.38 There is evidence that appropriate parenting behaviours such as the use of reason rather than corporal punishment to discipline
children can moderate the relationship between parenting
stress and physical
child abuse potential.39 Many experts believe that authoritative parenting style is the most suitable parenting style in bringing up a
child.
Recent research conducted in mainland China found that obesity prevalence was higher among
children in wealthier families, 4 but the patterns were different in Hong Kong with higher rates of childhood obesity among
lower income families.4 5 Hong Kong, despite having a per capita gross domestic product of Hong Kong dollar (HK$) 273 550, has large
income differences between rich and poor as reflected by a high Gini coefficient of 0.539 reported in 2016; approximately 20 % of the population are living in poverty as defined by a monthly household
income below half of the Hong Kong median.6 It is widely accepted that population health tend to be worse in societies with greater
income inequalities, and hence
low -
income families in these societies are particularly at risk of health problems.7 In our previous study,
children from Hong Kong Chinese
low -
income families experienced poorer health and more behavioural problems than other
children in the population at similar age.8 Adults from these families also reported poorer health - related quality of life (HRQOL), 9 with 6.1 % of the parents having a known history of mental illness and 18.2 % of them reporting elevated level of
stress.
Although it is known that poverty and poor health are linked with each other, the present research, with an aim to elucidate the relationship between parental
stress and
child health in
low -
income families, will give further insights into the possible vicious cycle of ill health between parents and
children, an aspect that is often overlooked.
Adults and
children from
low -
income families are subject to multiple sources of
stress.