They began by making photographs of cross sections
of stromatolites from a fossil reef in northwestern Canada and converting the photos into digital form for computer analysis.
The researchers led by the University of Wollongong's (UOW) professor Allen Nutman discovered 3.7 billion - year - old
stromatolite fossils in the world's oldest sedimentary rocks located in the Isua Greenstone Belt along the edge of Greenland's ice cap.
Structures
called stromatolites formed billions of years ago are one of the best records of early life.
The fossils, which date back 3.7 billion years and predate the world's previous
oldest stromatolite fossils, could point to rapid emergence of life on a young Earth.
The find has proved doubly interesting, because closer examination revealed that these spring mounds were partly built of
living stromatolites.»
«This is good
for stromatolites because it means there are very few living snails to eat them.
«This is not the first report on
stromatolites from this formation and it probably won't be the last.»
The fossils
include stromatolites — layered rock structures created by microorganisms — and circular holes left in the rock by gas bubbles that look like they were once trapped by sticky microbial substances.
Some 3.5 - billion - year - old
stromatolites in Australia, for example, have been taken as evidence — although not the only evidence — of early life on Earth.
Stop at amazing Shell Beach — made entirely of shell and shellgrit and / or the ancient
Stromatolites at Hamelin Pool.
The first traces of life appear in the fossil record around 3.5 billion years ago in the form of microbial mounds in Western Australia known
as stromatolites.
Modern stromatolites grow knee - high in Australia and the Bahamas, and the organisms that build them leave distinctive patterns in the mud pedestal that can't be duplicated by mere geologic manipulation.
• The Monkey Mia Dolphins • Hamelin
Pool Stromatolites • Shell Beach • Zuytdorp Cliffs • Wooramel Seagrass Bank • Steep Point • Peron Peninsula and Francios Peron National Park
Generations of sticky mats of bottom - dwelling bacteria growing in warm shallow waters trap layer upon layer of sediments that eventually harden into rock,
forming stromatolites.
Whether or
not stromatolites contain preserved cellular structures (microfossils) also remains highly contencious, especially in older Arachean rocks.
So
stromatolite layers that form in colder water should have more mass and heavier CaCO3 molecules.
Tracing the relationship of microorganisms
like stromatolites and cyanobacteria to photosynthesis through to the development of the ozone layer, Rocha Pitta creates a rich visual tapestry that reinvigorates this narrative and makes it feel immediate to contemporary life, particularly as we consider our role in the continued transformation of our planet.
The researchers believe that the
Isua stromatolite fossils could point to similar life structures on Mars, which had a damp environment 3.7 billion years ago.
After lunch visit Lake Thetis to view
Stromatolites which are one of the oldest living organisms on Earth.
Some palaeontologists
think stromatolites were formed when growing mats of cyanobacteria trapped sediments and eventually fossilised.
Within the Pilbara hotspring deposits, the researchers also
discovered stromatolites — layered rock structures created by communities of ancient microbes.
Allwood's team undertook a comprehensive survey of the
disputed stromatolites, detailing the variety of shapes contained therein, the ancient setting revealed by the rocks as well as any similarities to present day microbial mats.
«What is so striking about their scenario is that it is so «normal» — in the sense that transgressive, tidally influenced carbonate platforms
with stromatolites are common in the geologic record.
The geologists then tried to reproduce the same digital data using a computer model for
stromatolite growth that didn't involve any biological processes.
Stromatolites alone can never be used as definitive evidence for the presence of life, says Grotzinger, simply because their geometric aspects are going to be identical to things that can be produced abiologically.
This revealed repeated asymmetrical shapes, criss - crossed with millimetre wide canals, which Maloof says are sponge fragments mixed up with a
bacterial stromatolite mat (Nature Geoscience, DOI: 10.1038 / ngeO934).
Stressing biological continuity between Homo sapiens and other animals is laudable, but exploring the relationship between humans and the occupants of 3 - billion - year - old
stromatolites stretches the argument a little.
The discovery provides clues
why stromatolites thrived for millions of years but then virtually disappeared from all but a few exceptional places on earth.
Roland Eberhard from DPIPWE's Natural and Cultural Heritage Division
said stromatolites are rare, because more advanced life forms such as aquatic snails feed on the micro-organisms required to form them.
A team of Tasmanian researchers has uncovered rare, living
stromatolites deep within the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area.
Further surveys are planned to assess whether spring mounds and
stromatolites occur at other sites in the World Heritage Area.
«We had quite sophisticated ecological communities back then, even if they were just tiny little microbes,» says astrobiologist Roger Buick of the University of Washington, who discovered the North
Pole stromatolites.
Original Meeting Source: R. Gammariello et al. «The role of climate change in mass extinctions:
Using stromatolites to constrain temperatures during times of biotic crisis.»
stromatolite A type of layered rock that forms when cyanobacteria in water create huge communities.
Fossilized stromatolites have provided scientists with critical information about the earliest development of life on Earth.
In addition, the surrounding rocks also contain carbonate minerals such as dolomite that are common in
younger stromatolites.
• The Pinnacles Desert • Geraldton • Kalbarri township, the Murchison Gorges and Kalbarri National Park • The Shark Bay World Heritage area • The world - famous Monkey Mia dolphins • Shell Beach • The Stromatolites
We can also take you to special places «off the beaten track» for other shell beach and
stromatolite areas.
See the «Shell Works» where shell is quarried for industrial uses, drive along kilometers of incredible beaches made entirely of shell, marvel at
fascinating stromatolites and the mysterious Blue Holes.
Hamelin Pool is one of only two locations on earth where living
marine stromatolites — akin to those found in 3,500 million year old rocks — still exist.
Fossil
stromatolite specimen from Helena Dolomite, Sun River Canyon project, U.S.Geological survey photo library, 1965.