The shorter - lived gas has a much
stronger warming effect than CO2.
The soot produced by burning fossil fuels has
a stronger warming effect because it contains a higher ratio of black carbon to sulfate, which reflects sunlight to produce a cooling effect.
It seems to have quite
a strong warming effect.
For his part, Mr. Monckton says there is no need to exploit such events because he and others have exposed fatal weaknesses in the mainstream view that
a strong warming effect is due to rising concentrations of carbon dioxide — regardless of the peer - reviewed, Nobel Prize - winning work of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the conclusions of various national academies of science and 100 years of growing accord on the basics.
One general result of these complexities is that CO2 has
its strongest warming effect about 10 - 12 miles above the surface of the earth.
Believers say: «Only if we include
a strong warming effect from CO2 can we explain the past 60 years» warming.
Andy Lacis» criticism is that the IPCC's evaluation of the results of increasing greenhouse gas concentrations was not strong enough in emphasizing
the strong warming effects to be expected.
«
The strong warming effect that we experienced during the last decades will be interrupted.
Not exact matches
An active hydrological cycle would have required a
warmer climate in the planet's early history and therefore a thicker atmosphere, one capable of creating a
strong greenhouse
effect.
Other experts say that the
effect of hurricanes on global
warming would probably be minimal as only the largest storms are expected to get
stronger.
(At the time, the sun was as much as 6 % fainter than it is now, Lenton says, so the planet -
warming effect of greenhouse gases wasn't as
strong.)
«This process pushes the storm northward (or southward in the southern hemisphere), and this
effect will also be
stronger in a
warmer climate.»
These
effects may not only lead to
stronger warming at the north of our planet, but also at the south polar region.
«Based on our findings, it appears that future Arctic
warming and reduced sea - ice cover could have a
strong effect on tropical rainfall,» says James Collins.
And, Stevens says, the study doesn't discuss the types of clouds that are thought to be the most crucial for future
warming: low - lying clouds over the subtropical oceans, which have a
strong cooling
effect but may be dissipating as the world
warms.
Dr Li said the latest research findings give a better understanding of changes in human - perceived equivalent temperature, and indicate global
warming has
stronger long - term impacts on human beings under both extreme and non-extreme weather conditions, suggesting that climate change adaptation can not just focus on heat wave events, but should be extended to the whole range of
effects of temperature increases.
El Niño — a
warming of tropical Pacific Ocean waters that changes weather patterns across the globe — causes forests to dry out as rainfall patterns shift, and the occasional unusually
strong «super» El Niños, like the current one, have a bigger
effect on CO2 levels in the atmosphere.
The
effect is so
strong, she said, that if Earth continues to
warm at the current rate, the LC50 for one species she has studied, fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas), will be only half as much in 2060 as it is now.
In addition, changes in the atmosphere cause the
warming effect to be
stronger at night.
Doesn't mean the globe isn't
warming, it means I happen to live in a place where the
effects of La Nina are quite
strong.
I am very cuious if you found a variance between Upper Air and Surface
warming... I calculated total amospheric refraction temperatures, ie from data extracted by analyzing optical
effects, some of my results show an impressive yearly
warming trend, much
stronger than the surface based one.
I'm not even an amateur climate scientist, but my logic tells me that if clouds have a
stronger negative feedback in the Arctic, and I know (from news) the Arctic is
warming faster than other areas, then it seems «forcing GHGs» (CO2, etc) may have a
strong sensitivity than suggested, but this is suppressed by the cloud
effect.
It is challenging to see how volcanism could cause an ice age, since its cooling
effects would have to be
stronger than, and to outlast, its
warming effects.
They have also concentrated on the
effects on weather during winter, when the Arctic
warming signal is
strongest.
I haven't look at the research on the
effect of
warm - ups in at least 20 years... but as I recall, a
warm - up set was shown to be beneficial in the manner that you describe — priming the muscles and making them
stronger for the first heavy set.
Wear it in cold weather to remain
warm and trendy through the
strong wind but don't forget the heeled booties to emphasize the classy
effect!
His early paintings (eg, Sheep in Landscape, 1869) show a quietude of mood, a
strong interest in the
effect of light and observation of detail, and
warm, rich colour.
It seems clear that the UHI
effect is a real physical
effect and the complaint from AGW skeptics and denialists is that the
strong (and real)
warming in urban areas is contaminating regional and global temperature averages.
«As a global society, we need to get down to a level of 90 percent reductions by 2050» to have a decent chance of warding off the
strongest effects of global
warming.
Cox seems to be straightforward in saying that reduced aerosol
effects (cooling) will result in greater
warming (from GHGs) and that the cooling
effect now is
stronger than normally supposed.
In particular, we have a very
strong reason to connect GHG's to observed
warming, and multiple lines of physics and data for bracketing the magnitude of this
effect — which all but relegates GCM's to the trivial - influience - at - best bin.
I am very cuious if you found a variance between Upper Air and Surface
warming... I calculated total amospheric refraction temperatures, ie from data extracted by analyzing optical
effects, some of my results show an impressive yearly
warming trend, much
stronger than the surface based one.
The fact that the increase in damage cost is about as large as the increase in GDP (as recently argued at FiveThirtyEight) is certainly no
strong evidence against an
effect of global
warming on damage cost.
Your estimates of climate sensitivity come from the IPCC, which assumes that aerosols will continue to provide a very
strong cooling
effect that offsets about half of the
warming from CO2, but you are talking about time frames in which we have stopped burning fossil fuels, so is it appropriate to continue to assume the presence of cooling aerosols at these future times?
They keep yapping about «thousands of scientists» contributing to the IPCC AR4, when in fact the Summary for Policymakers was written by a small coterie of believers in a
strong effect of CO2 on global
warming.
As discussed elsewhere in these pages, there is
strong evidence that anthropogenic
effects are largely responsible for this
warming.
[Response: You don't expect it to be completely the same since there are differences: GHGs cause stratospheric cooling, solar irradiance increases cause
warming there — GHGs have a very even
effect across latitudes, solar is
stronger in the tropics.
# 92 Spencer el al 2007 paper doesn't really support the precise mechanism proposed by Lindzen for Iris
effect, but more simply observes a
strong TOA negative correction associated with
warming events at 20 ° S - 20 ° N (that is: in the 2000 - 2005 period of observation, the most significative
warming episodes of the surface + low troposphere — 40 days or more — leads to a negative SW+LW cloud forcing at the top of the atmosphere).
His book is
strong on fundamental principals of the physics of the atmosphere underlying the greenhouse
effect and global
warming.
I have a paper in press on very
strong effects of climate
warming on the food chain of a large Italian lake.
The findings reinforce suggestions that
strong positive ice — temperature feedbacks have emerged in the Arctic15, increasing the chances of further rapid
warming and sea ice loss, and will probably affect polar ecosystems, ice - sheet mass balance and human activities in the Arctic...» *** This is the heart of polar amplification and has very little to do with your stated defintion of amplifying the
effects of
warming going on at lower latitudes.
Over short periods they certainly do that but over periods of few decades it's likely that the
warming effect of CO2 is
stronger.
Not only that, but they give it power over El Nino by pontificating that «Pinatubo climate forcing was
stronger than the opposite
warming effects of either the El Nino event or anthropogenic greenhouse gases in the period 1991 - 93.»
22 Cause and
Effect La Nina Cause:
Stronger than normal trade winds push
warm water farther west
Effect: Polar jet stream is amplified, brings cold air to northwest.
There is absolutely no reason to believe that this
effect will do anything but get
stronger from here on as the vast «crops» of oceanic bacteria adapt to both
warmer ocean waters and increased CO2 and nutrient levels and simply increasingly cool the global atmospheric climate simply by «growing faster»!
The new report — the first of three comprehensive studies to come out this year — makes one of the
strongest claims yet in support of the hypothesis that human activity, namely the relentless pumping of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, is what's behind climate change — an
effect climate scientists refer to as anthropogenic global
warming.
The CO2 dependence on temperature is between 2 - 4 ppmv / °C, that is based on the
effect of the cooling caused by the 1992 outburst of the Pinatubo and the 1998
warming of a
strong El Niño.
Per molecule they actually exert a
warming effect that is thousands of times as
strong as that of CO2 [that remains the most important contributor to climate change, simply because we emit such enormous amounts of it].
@Ferdinand: You write: «The CO2 dependence on temperature is between 2 - 4 ppmv / °C, that is based on the
effect of the cooling caused by the 1992 outburst of the Pinatubo and the 1998
warming of a
strong El Niño.»
In an interview with Yale Environment 360, the Wesleyan University economist talked about why the world needs to start taking steps to adapt to climate change and why
strong action must be taken despite uncertainty about the extent of the
warming and its ultimate
effects.