Sentences with phrase «studied air and sea»

Not exact matches

One study has estimated that UK imports of food products and animal feed involved transportation by sea, air and road amounting to over 83 billion tonne - kilometres (3).

Nathaniel Johnson and Shang - Ping Xie at the University of Hawaii studied satellite and rain - gauge data from the last 30 years and found that sea surface temperatures in the tropics now need to be about 0.3 °C higher than they did in 1980 before the air above rises and produces rain (Nature Geoscience, DOI: 10.1038 / ngeo1008).

«Through various theoretical, computational and experimental studies, we found that the mechanics of flapping propulsion are actually very similar in air and in water,» said Kevin Chen, a graduate student in the Harvard Microrobotics Lab at SEAS.

Previous studies have suggested that Arctic sea - ice loss causes the NAO to spend longer in its «negative phase» - generating more easterly winds that bring colder air from Scandinavia and Siberia to the UK.

The study «The Air - Sea Interface and Surface Stress Under Tropical Cyclones» was published in the June 16, 2014 issue of the journal Nature Scientific Reports.

Iron particles generated by cities and industry are being dissolved by human - made air pollution and washed into the sea — potentially increasing the amount of greenhouse gases that the world's oceans can absorb, a new study suggests.

Study of upper ocean dynamics and air - sea interaction; investigation of the ocean's role in climate; sustained climate - quality observations in and at the surface of the ocean; innovative ocean observations.

Kastak et al (2007 JASA)-- Aerial TTS Study Onset, growth, and recovery of in - air temporary threshold shift (TTS) in a California sea lion (Zalophus californianus).

You have your typical air, land, and sea units that develop and improve with time and study.

Our studies did indicate that much of the heat entering the Barents Sea in recent years was advected in by the inflow of warm Atlantic Waters and although direct warming through air - sea heat exchanges no doubt occurred, it appeared not be the dominate process at the time of our studiSea in recent years was advected in by the inflow of warm Atlantic Waters and although direct warming through air - sea heat exchanges no doubt occurred, it appeared not be the dominate process at the time of our studisea heat exchanges no doubt occurred, it appeared not be the dominate process at the time of our studies.

As an oceanographer working on air / sea interaction and mixed layer dynamics, I hope I can clarify this issue somewhat (in fact, I'm at sea right now on the R / P FLIP, gathering data to study wave and mixed layer dynamics, but this is off the point).

Intensive and well - organized projects are usually an auspice of significant progress in the ocean - tropical cyclone studies, such as the Coupled Boundary Layer Air - Sea Transfer (CBLAST) and Impact of Typhoons on the Ocean in the Pacific (ITOP) projects.

Arctic air temperatures are increasing at twice the rate of the rest of the world — a study by the U. S. Navy says that the Arctic could lose its summer sea ice by next year, eighty - four years ahead of the models — and evidence little more than a year old suggests the West Antarctic Ice Sheet is doomed, which will add between twenty and twenty - five feet to ocean levels.

Surface wind and wave parameters at various scales help to describe the wind and wave patterns in storms as well as to study of air - sea interaction mechanisms in such energetic events.

«Not only is it extreme in any number of measures — air temperature, loss of sea ice and on and on — but there are so many things we haven't seen, particularly this extremely warm fall,» said study co-author Brendan Kelly, executive director of the Study of Environmental Arctic Change at the University of Alaska, Fairbstudy co-author Brendan Kelly, executive director of the Study of Environmental Arctic Change at the University of Alaska, FairbStudy of Environmental Arctic Change at the University of Alaska, Fairbanks.

Participants supported the development of an international air - sea flux working group sponsored by the Southern Ocean Observing System (SOOS) to coordinate the proposed pilot study and oversee the task of defining flux requirements.

This study differs from earlier research into possible links between hurricanes and warmer sea surface temperatures by looking as well at the effect of warmer air.

Sea levels in the Indian Ocean are rising in some areas and falling in others, which is at least partly a result of climate change influencing how the wind circulates air above the surface of the ocean, said study team member Weiqing Han, a climatologist at the University of Colorado in Boulder.

Lance, adrift in the ice, provided a base for 100 scientists and engineers who spent 3 to 6 weeks on board the vessel studying air - snow - ice - ocean interactions in a region with thinner sea ice.

Develop and validate retrieval algorithms for ocean and sea ice parameters from various satellite Earth observation data, which in are used in studies of upper layer mesoscale ocean processes, air - sea - ice interaction, climate change studies and in operational oceanography.

And study authors found that 2 C to 5 C warming of local ocean waters with somewhat greater local air temperature increases was capable of flooding these basins in stages — forcing Totten's glacial ice to flow out into the Southern Ocean and provide significant contributions to sea level riAnd study authors found that 2 C to 5 C warming of local ocean waters with somewhat greater local air temperature increases was capable of flooding these basins in stages — forcing Totten's glacial ice to flow out into the Southern Ocean and provide significant contributions to sea level riand provide significant contributions to sea level rise.

Several ocean - air - sea ice feedback processes may be operating (Meredith and King 2005; Hanna 1996), though it has been difficult to pin down their relative roles in the observational studies (King 1994; Jacobs and Comiso 1997).

Our results point to the need for future observational and modeling studies to focus on the regional and seasonal characteristics of Antarctic climate change, the regional response to ozone depletion, the influence of tropical variability and climate change on Antarctic climate, and on the mechanisms that link sea ice and air temperature in Antarctica.

A recent study using archives from a polar - adapted forecast model found that West Antarctica is subject to frequent excursions of warm and moist marine air masses originating from the Ross and Amundsen Seas (Nicolas and Bromwich 2010).

Here DeMott et al. work to fill in these knowledge gaps by reviewing published studies dealing with observations of MJO processes, theories of air - sea interactions within the MJO, and modeling studies of these feedbacks.

The review study found that high - resolution mixed layer ocean models can represent some of the complicated air - sea interactions and recommended that scientists use coupled simulations and evaluate them in terms of the observed relationship between convection and sea surface temperature and associated variables.

In addition, a study commissioned by Canada's Fisheries and Oceans Department examined the relationship between air temperature and sea ice coverage, concluding, «the possible impact of global warming appears to play a minor role in changes to Arctic sea ice.»

Lo, 1997: Sensitivity of northern hemisphere air temperatures and snow expansion to North Pacific sea surface temperatures in the Goddard Institute for Space Studies general circulation model.

Blomquist B. W., S. E. Brumer, C. W. Fairall, B. J. Huebert, C. J. Zappa, I. M. Brooks, M. Yang, L. Bariteau, J. Prytherch, J. E. Hare, H. Czerski, A. Matei and R. W. Pascal (October 2017): Wind Speed and Sea State Dependencies of Air - Sea Gas Transfer: Results From the High Wind Speed Gas Exchange Study (HiWinGS).

However, an assessment of transports at 48 ° N using five repeat World Ocean Circulation Experiment sections and air - sea heat and freshwater fluxes as input to an inverse box model yielded no significant trend in the meridional overturning at that latitude (Lumpkin et al., 2008), though the time period studied was relatively short (1993 - 2000).

Because Arctic sea ice is influenced by both air and water temperatures, the study authors use a combination of Arctic ice core, tree - ring and lake sediments to reconstruct Arctic conditions over the last 2,000 years.

Model studies suggest that a collapse of the AMOC could lead to a reduction in surface air temperature of around 1 - 3 °C in the North Atlantic region and surrounding land masses, but with local cooling of up to 8 °C in areas of increased sea ice (Vellinga and Wood, 2002; Vellinga et al 2002; Manabe and Stouffer; 1997; Jacob et al 2005).

These estimates resulted from studies of air bubbles recovered in ice cores from deep within Antarctica, Greenland and other glaciers, as well as chemical analyses of coral samples from beneath the sea.