Sentences with phrase «studied by electron»

Not exact matches

Scientists buoy our longing for clarity by enumerating laws and speaking of atoms and electrons, but, laments Camus even they are reduced to using the «poetry» of planetary systems, i.e., they Can not rationally seize the reality they study.

But, as Bohm points out, such a position can not stand up to critical analysis, for the molecules studied by biologists in living organisms are constituted of electrons, protons and other such particles, from which it must follow that they too are capable of behaving in ways that can not be described in terms of mechanical concepts.

In this Perspective, Wolf and Ertl discuss results by Kliewer et al. (page 1399) and Petek et al. (page 1402), which illustrate the fundamental insights into the microscopic characteristics of electron dynamics at surfaces that can be obtained by state - of - the - art high spatial and temporal resolution studies.

KATRIN will study neutrinos, which are less than a millionth the mass of an electron, by sifting through the aftermath of radioactive decays of tritium, an isotope of hydrogen with two neutrons.

They also provide an avenue for designing other types of electron emitters with atom - by - atom precision, said Nick Melosh, an associate professor at SLAC and Stanford who led the study.

The study appeared in the April 14 print edition of Chemical Communications in the article «Visualizing Nanoparticle Mobility in Liquid at Atomic Resolution,» by Madeline Dukes, an applications scientist at Protochips Inc. in Raleigh, N.C.; Benjamin Jacobs, an applications scientist at Protochips; David Morgan, assistant manager of the Cryo - Transmission Electron Microscopy Facility at Indiana University Bloomington; Harshad Hegde, a computer scientist at the Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute; and Kelly, who is also an assistant professor of biological sciences in the College of Science at Virginia Tech.

Arefiev co-authored the study, «Enhanced multi-MeV photon emission by a laser - driven electron beam in a self - generated magnetic field,» published May 2016 in the journal Physical Review Letters.

The observation was made by adding electrons to this material and then studying its band structure with a high precision, advanced spectroscopy technique.

According to a new study led by scientists at the Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and at the University of California, Berkeley, electrons in vanadium dioxide can conduct electricity without conducting heat.

A team led by Latha Venkataraman, professor of applied physics and chemistry at Columbia Engineering and Xavier Roy, assistant professor of chemistry (Arts & Sciences), published a study today in Nature Nanotechnology that is the first to reproducibly demonstrate current blockade — the ability to switch a device from the insulating to the conducting state where charge is added and removed one electron at a time — using atomically precise molecular clusters at room temperature.

The structure of RuO2 (110) and the mechanism for catalytic carbon monoxide oxidation on this surface were studied by low - energy electron diffraction, scanning tunneling microscopy, and density - functional calculations.

In the above study, electrons in the conductor are described by the wave functions of quantum mechanics and the magnetic field is expressed as the U (1) gauge field.

«But in strongly correlated materials, the electrons are slowed down by interactions with other electrons and interactions with the lattice,» said Weiguo Yin, another Brookhaven physicist working on the study.

The same gauge fixing has been employed in Dr. Koizumi's study on superconductivity, where the gauge fixing is achieved by the energy minimum requirement under the constraint that the wave function be a single - valued function of the electron coordinates.

Scientists usually get around this problem by studying electrons within certain neutral atoms and molecules, in which internal fields far stronger than any external field can be induced.

The group of Majed Chergui at EPFL, along with national and international colleagues, have shed light on this long - standing question by using a combination of cutting - edge experimental methods: steady - state angle - resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), which maps the energetics of the electrons along the different axis in the solid; spectroscopic ellipsometry, which determines the optical properties of the solid with high accuracy; and ultrafast two - dimensional deep - ultraviolet spectroscopy, used for the first time in the study of materials, along with state - of - the - art first - principles theoretical tools.

I had completed a postdoc with Prof. Michael Rossmann during which I studied virus - receptor relationships by using x-ray crystallography and electron microscopy.

A new study by University of Illinois engineers found that in the transistor laser, a device for next - generation high - speed computing, the light and electrons spur one another on to faster switching speeds than any devices available.

Elizabeth Heidrich, a PhD student at Newcastle University in England and lead author of the new study, studies microbial fuel cells — devices that generate electrical current by capturing the electrons freed as bacteria break down organic matter in wastewater.

In a study published today in the journal Nature, scientists have found a way to reversibly change the atomic structure of a 2 - D material by injecting, or «doping,» it with electrons.

EPFL scientists have now carried out a study on a lithium - containing copper oxide and have found that its electrons are 2.5 times lighter than was predicted by theoretical calculations.

The TSRI laboratories of Professor Erica Ollmann Saphire and Assistant Professor Andrew Ward are studying the structures of these antibodies using techniques called electron microscopy, which creates high - resolution images by hitting samples with electrons, and X-ray crystallography, which determines the atomic structure of crystalline arrays of proteins.

The study focuses on two perfectly reflecting model plates, separated by any non-zero density plasma, i.e. a charged gas which may contain electrons only or electrons and positrons.

The calculations in those studies said that the resistivity of the molten metal in Earth's core, which is generated by this electron scattering process, would be too low, and thus the thermal conductivity too high, to allow thermal convection to generate the magnetic field.

This opens up new opportunities in the study of protein structures, as the team headed by DESY's Leading Scientist Henry Chapman from the Center for Free - Electron Laser Science reports in the Proceedings of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).

As it turned out, with the help of a new dark force, interacting particles could trade in some of their kinetic energy to produce a positron — electron pair, a proposal put forth by Finkbeiner and study co-author Neal Weiner, an N.Y.U. physicist, last year.

Researchers use a similar trick to study atomic electrons — by pinging atoms with exceedingly short light pulses, they can watch electrons» quantum states evolve in unprecedented detail.

It would fire electrons into positrons to create cleaner collisions and study in detail whatever was discovered by the LHC.

Previously such studies could only be achieved by X-ray crystallography, but using the electron microscope will allow us to tackle protein complexes which no one has been able to crystallise, and to do this under conditions which are much closer to those in the human body.»

Even when studying agriculture in South Africa, he had been attracted by the science of crop protection, and his Ph.D. research on electron transport in photosynthesis was highly relevant to the industry: «Herbicides are specifically developed to work against the photosynthetic apparatus,» he explains.

To nail down the last angle, researchers studied electron antineutrinos produced by the six 2.9 - gigawatt reactors at the site.

They were partly inspired by studies on the confinement of electrons in tiny structures within semiconductors called quantum wells, quantum wires and quantum dots («How to build better lasers», New Scientist, 11 January).

Electron - micrographic studies by others illuminated how.

Research problems that are just out of reach today but that could be made accessible by advances in electron microscopy include studies of the little pores that form in our cells walls and which are centrally important in the regulation of all life processes as well as new nano - structured materials that are ultra-light yet strong, allowing reduced energy consumption in vehicles.

A team led by Latha Venkataraman, professor of applied physics and chemistry at Columbia Engineeringand Xavier Roy, assistant professor of chemistry (Arts & Sciences), published a study (DOI 10.1038 / nnano.2017.156) today in Nature Nanotechnology that is the first to reproducibly demonstrate current blockade — the ability to switch a device from the insulating to the conducting state where charge is added and removed one electron at a time — using atomically precise molecular clusters at room temperature.

Pillai said the study showed that if electron - beam pasteurization technology was included as part of a comprehensive food safety plan to reduce illnesses from raw oysters, significant public health benefits and, by extension, significant savings in medical and related expenses due to foodborne illness, can occur.

They studied how this spontaneous voltage depends on the current direction, temperature, and the chemical composition (the level of doping by strontium, which controls the electron density).

After completing their studies, the researchers concluded that superconductivity can best be explained by the way electrons disguise themselves as higher spin particles.

Computational studies by the team's theoreticians showed that the dipeptide in the meta position was more compact, making electron transfer faster, because of the smaller energy associated with the necessary twist in the scaffolding, or the ability to get closer to the electrode.

«Eggshells are notoriously difficult to study by traditional means, because they easily break when we try to make a thin slice for imaging by electron microscopy,» says McKee, who is also a professor in McGill's Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology.

The Deaconescu Laboratory focuses on structural studies by X-ray crystallography, small - angle X-ray scattering and electron microscopy of protein - protein and protein - nucleic acid complexes, particularly those involved in DNA repair and transcriptional regulation.

Surface chemistry on nanosized gold particles, shown here at low - magnification, left, and high - magnification, right, in images produced with a scanning electron microscope, was studied with infrared light produced by Berkeley Lab's Advanced Light Source.

We called them expansion segments, and initially people thought they were a remnant of evolution and didn't have any function, but current studies by John Woolford making mutations in yeast and by other groups doing X-ray crystallography and cryo - electron microscopy are starting to zero in on whether they may indeed be playing functional roles.

«Our approach provides atom - by - atom control of the size and electron - by - electron control of the charge state of metal clusters on surfaces,» said Dr. Grant Johnson, a physical chemist involved in the study and former Linus Pauling Fellow who recently joined the Laboratory as a full - time scientist.

Dr. Rosso's current projects include the following: (1) characterizing the kinetics and mechanisms of elementary charge and ion transport processes in redox transformation of iron oxide minerals, (2) predicting molecular - scale electron transfer kinetics in microbially - mediated reduction of bioavailable iron in subsurface environments, (3) studying mechanisms of heterogeneous reduction of contaminant U (VI) and Tc (VII) by Fe (II)- bearing minerals, (4) simulation of coupled charge and ion transport in transition metal oxide electrodes for advanced materials applications, (5) probing mechanisms and kinetics of mineral transformation to metal carbonates for geological carbon sequestration, and (6) studying mechanisms of uptake and retention of uranium in sediments.

Varga's research focuses on the interaction of lasers and matter at the atomic scale and is part of the new field of attosecond science — an attosecond is a billion billionths of a second — that is allowing scientists to study extremely short - lived phenomena such as the making and breaking of chemical bonds and tracking the real - time motion of electrons within semiconductors by probing them with attosecond pulses of laser light.

Gonen completed his PhD by commuting — up to 5 times in one year — between Auckland and Boston, MA, where he worked with Tom Walz at Harvard Medical School to complete his studies of MP20 using electron microscopy.

A study led by scientists of the Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter (MPSD) at the Center for Free - Electron Laser Science in Hamburg presents evidence of the coexistence of superconductivity and...

A JCAP study shows that nearly 90 - percent of the electrons generated by a semiconductor / cobaloxime hybrid catalyst designed to store solar energy in hydrogen are being stored in their intended target molecules.

SESAME, which stands for Synchrotron - light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East, is a light - source; a particle accelerator - based facility that uses electromagnetic radiation emitted by circulating electron beams to study a range of properties of matter.