Sentences with phrase «studied cognitive differences»

(The team has not yet studied cognitive differences between the two groups.)

Not exact matches

Sterling spent the next year creating the toy, studying gender differences and cognitive development in children, writing a business plan and doing in - home testing with a prototype with more than 100 boys and girls in three schools and more than 40 homes.

It is important to note that these studies, which support breast milk's power to develop infants» cognitive ability are based mainly on observation and could contain confounding factors such as minor differences in mother - baby interaction.

According to Robert Hall, professor of pediatrics at the University of Missouri School of Medicine in Kansas City, there was no statistical difference in growth, language development, vision or cognitive development among the children studied, although in most categories the breast - fed infants did show slightly better performance.

Two 2003 studies suggest that heading in soccer may result in weaker mental performance, including a decline in cognitive function, difficulty in verbal learning, planning and maintaining attention and reduced information processing speed, but a critical review of the literature in 2010 by an expert panel of the American Academy of Pediatrics found no support for such a finding, and a 2012 study in the journal Neurosurgery concluded that it was «unlikely» that the subtle cognitive differences detected were sufficient to affect the daily lives of players.

I saw a study that compared SpongeBob to Caillou, and they found a decrease in cognitive functions after watching SpongeBob, but no difference between watching Caillou and sitting by a table with crayons (drawing, or whatever preschoolers do when sitting by a table with crayons).

For example, one study comparing breast and formula fed siblings found no differences on any cognitive / educational achievement measures, behavioural indicators (including parental attachment) and most physical health measures (including BMI and obesity).

Most previous studies have compared breast fed children with children who were exclusively formula fed, but some studies have found that the correlation between breast feeding and cognitive ability increases with a longer duration of breast feeding.3 13 30 A Finnish study of 1163 children found a mean difference of 2.4 points on a cognitive test at 6 months of age between children breast fed for less than five months, compared to children breast fed for at least five months.10

In a study of a homogeneous (similar age, SES and education) population where mothers had a favourable environment and most infants were breastfed, the duration of breastfeeding clearly made a difference in cognitive development at 13 months and five years.

The cognitive differences between humans and our closest living cousins, the chimpanzees, are staggeringly obvious and a new study suggests that human muscle may be just as unique.

A 1999 critique of primate mirror self - recognition studies in the journal Animal behavior said that differences between species could be due to the conditions in which they were reared, and that it was premature to speculate as to how the skill relates to other cognitive abilities, such as inferring the mental states of others.

«Our results show that there is no reason to expect all cognitive gender differences will diminish,» says Daniela Weber, IIASA researcher and lead author of the study.

A number of smallish studies have seen differences in the brains of habitual weed smokers, including altered connectivity between the hemispheres, inefficient cognitive processing in adolescent users, and a smaller amygdala and hippocampus — structures involved in emotional regulation and memory, respectively.

«If you look at things Summers's way,» she says in her office, leaning forward in her chair with a sly grin, «then to study innate cognitive abilities, like I do, is supposedly to study gender differences.

The study demonstrates how the magnitude of cognitive gender differences varied systematically across regions and birth cohorts.

They maintain that cognitive tests done over time actually indicate small or no differences in performance among these populations and that studies on risk factors have produced useful, yet insufficient, explanations of the disparities - largely due to the lack of African American participation in research studies.

Because the study used cognitive stress as a challenge, it was not confounded by potential group differences in stimulant - induced changes in cerebellar radiotracer delivery.

By evaluating DNA methylation, the researchers discovered differences in gene networks and gene expression linked to the central nervous system and interactions with HIV that appeared uniquely in monocytes of HIV infected study participants with cognitive impairment.

During his time as an undergraduate student, he was a member of two cognitive neuroscience laboratories, where he worked on research studies examining how structural differences in the brain correlate with performance on cognitive tests.

The study, published in the January issue of Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, provides striking evidence of differences in the brains of impulsively aggressive individuals with intermittent explosive disorder (IED).

They saw very little difference in the cognitive functioning of both groups by the end of the study.

The study did not reveal any differences between participants and non-participants for cognitive complaints, social support or fatigue.

The people who took ginkgo showed no differences in attention, memory, and other cognitive measures compared to those who took the placebo, according to the study, which was published today in the Journal of the American Medical Association.

Studies on the relationship between breastfeeding and cognitive skills are mixed.7 Some studies have shown that breastfed infants are more intelligent while others show no diffStudies on the relationship between breastfeeding and cognitive skills are mixed.7 Some studies have shown that breastfed infants are more intelligent while others show no diffstudies have shown that breastfed infants are more intelligent while others show no difference.

Despite decades of relying on standardized test scores to assess and guide education policy and practice, surprisingly little work has been done to connect these measures of learning with the measures developed over a century of research by cognitive psychologists studying individual differences in cognition.

Conflicting results may be due to the difficulty in performing these types of comparison studies, which can be confounded by differences in class size, cognitive level of questions, class composition, and instructor (Crossgrove and Curran 2008).

Using data from a variety of sources, including the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, the High School and Beyond study, and the National Longitudinal Study of the High School Class of 1972, Jacobsen and his colleagues at Mathematica essentially confirm Neal and Johnson's findings, providing additional evidence that most of the remaining wage gap is due to differences in cognitive skills, as measured by test scstudy, and the National Longitudinal Study of the High School Class of 1972, Jacobsen and his colleagues at Mathematica essentially confirm Neal and Johnson's findings, providing additional evidence that most of the remaining wage gap is due to differences in cognitive skills, as measured by test scStudy of the High School Class of 1972, Jacobsen and his colleagues at Mathematica essentially confirm Neal and Johnson's findings, providing additional evidence that most of the remaining wage gap is due to differences in cognitive skills, as measured by test scores.

In the present study, I investigate: 1) How children develop the ability to consider the nature of knowledge within the context of conversation; 2) Whether improved epistemological understanding supports children's critical thinking in informal social learning; 3) Whether cognitive self - control and verbal IQ moderate or mediate epistemological development; and 4) Whether individual differences in epistemological understanding relate to parent characteristics.

Research has previously shown that differences in cultural and social capital can have repercussions in areas as diverse as use of language by the time children enter school, preferential access to grammar and faith schools, the type of characteristics parents value when choosing schools, the kind of studies children undertake and their access to more prestigious universities, or even the adoption of cultural practices linked to substantial cognitive gains like reading for pleasure.

However few studies have examined possible behavioral and cognitive differences between these two groups of dogs.

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The current work extends our previous preliminary study examining gender differences in motor response inhibition during the SST (Li et al. 2006a), specifically recruiting more men and women subjects in order to examine gender differences in the component processes of cognitive control.

One study compared two active interventions: group and individual.42 The authors found no difference between the two interventions on cognitive development, psychomotor development or the parent — child relationship.

For example, some have found significant differences between children with divorced and continuously married parents even after controlling for personality traits such as depression and antisocial behavior in parents.59 Others have found higher rates of problems among children with single parents, using statistical methods that adjust for unmeasured variables that, in principle, should include parents» personality traits as well as many genetic influences.60 And a few studies have found that the link between parental divorce and children's problems is similar for adopted and biological children — a finding that can not be explained by genetic transmission.61 Another study, based on a large sample of twins, found that growing up in a single - parent family predicted depression in adulthood even with genetic resemblance controlled statistically.62 Although some degree of selection still may be operating, the weight of the evidence strongly suggests that growing up without two biological parents in the home increases children's risk of a variety of cognitive, emotional, and social problems.

The meta - analysis on cognitive development included five studies (online supplementary figure 3).27 46 — 48 55 There was no significant difference between intervention and control groups (d = 0.13; 95 % CI − 0.08 to 0.41).

In three studies the 95 % confidence intervals for the odds ratio did not include 1 (figure), indicating a significant difference in favour of cognitive behaviour therapy over the comparison conditions (129/208 v 61/168).

Differences in clinical and cognitive variables in seasonal affective disorder compared to depressive - related disorders: Evidence from a population - based study in Finland.

A decomposition methodology examined the contribution from different sources in explaining the SES gradient in early cognitive outcomes.34 Similar to the methodology used in the UK Millennium Cohort Study, we focus on the quintile 1 — quintile 5 (Q1 — Q5) and quintile 1 — quintile 3 (Q1 — Q3) gaps and calculate the percentile points and the percentage of the raw gaps explained by each candidate explanatory factor and each domain of factors.2 This was done by taking the product of the mean gap in each explanatory factor (mean difference between Q1 — Q5 and Q1 — Q3) by the β coefficients from linear regression models that predict reading and math ability from SES and all candidate explanatory factors.

The effectiveness of cognitive behaviour therapy in this study was similar to that observed in patients who accepted treatment in the initial uncontrolled evaluation.10 The results differed, however, from those of the two previous controlled trials of cognitive behaviour therapy, one of which was a non-randomised comparison with a waiting list11 and the other a randomised comparison with basic medical care.12 The possible reasons for the greater effectiveness of cognitive behaviour therapy in our study include differences in the characteristics of the patients, longer follow up, and possibly less active medical care.

Journals & Magazines ADHD Report Anxiety, Stress and Coping Autism Childhood Contemporary Hypnosis Dementia Depression and Anxiety Dreaming Drug and Alcohol Review Dyslexia Early Child Development and Care Eating Disorders Educational Assessment Illness, Crisis & Loss Industrial - Organizational Psychologist Journal of Gambling Studies Journal of Happiness Studies Journal of Mental Health and Aging Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment Language and Cognitive Processes Loss, Grief & Care Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Metaphor and Symbol Neuropsychological Rehabilitation Parenting Personal Relationships Personality and Individual Differences Psychiatric Bulletin Psychology of Men & Masculinity Psychology Today ReVision: A Journal of Consciousness and Transformation Stress and Health Studies in Gender and Sexuality Substance Abuse Suicide and Life - Threatening Behavior Trauma, Violence & Abuse

The aims of this study were to: (a) document the differences in Turkish immigrant (n = 79) and German (n = 88) preschool children's home literacy environment (HLE), cognitive, and speaking proficiency test scores, (b) identify predictors of HLE and developmental status, and (c) disentangle effects of education and ethnicity on children's HLE and developmental status.

A study of individual cognitive therapy for bipolar disorder showed positive outcomes at 1 - year follow - up, but the benefits were reduced over time, suggesting the need for booster sessions to sustain the gains.19 As with many forms of therapy, CBT has been found to be more successful in reducing relapse in the depressive pole compared with the manic pole.30 A large randomised trial of CBT showed no difference between CBT and treatment as usual, when all participants were included in the analyses.31 However, results of a post-hoc analysis suggested that CBT was effective for participants who reported fewer than 12 prior episodes of illness and were not acutely unwell when therapy began; numbers of episodes of mania rather than depression seemed to predict treatment response.32 Such data can help guide the clinical application of CBT for bipolar patients.

Additional studies that address protective factors (e.g., family and social support systems and the child's cognitive and social skills) are warranted as well as studies examining gender differences in the developmental pathways leading to adult APP which include measures tapping female types of aggression.

Individual differences in study members» educational attainment, adult cognitive ability, and self - control were associated with their (A) credit score (educational attainment: β = 0.28, P < 0.001; cognitive ability: β = 0.24, P < 0.001; self - control: β = 0.37, P < 0.001) and (B) heart age (educational attainment: β = − 0.23, P < 0.001; cognitive ability: β = − 0.20, P < 0.001; self - control: β = − 0.23, P < 0.001).

More recent studies have also found that a clear difference in cognitive and socio - emotional development by SES was evident by age three and widened by age five [13].

This study aims to investigate whether gender differences in the prevalence of depressive symptoms, with girls reporting more depressive symptoms than boys, are related to gender differences in cognitive schema vulnerability.

The objectives of the present study were (a) to investigate whether clique isolation from age 11 to 13 years is a social risk factor for subsequent depressive symptoms in early adolescence; (b) to test the potential role of loneliness and perceived social acceptance as cognitive and emotional constructs underlying the link between clique isolation and depressive symptoms; and (c) to explore possible sex differences in the association between clique isolation and depressive symptoms.

One study conducted in five less wealthy nations described no differences in health, emotional / cognitive functioning and physical growth outcomes for Orphans and Abandoned children living in institutional and community - based care (Whetten and the POFO Research Team 2009).

This study examined whether the cognitive vulnerability - stress model of depression may contribute to our understanding of the gender difference in depression in adolescence.