The research team included Deborah Levine, M.D., MPH, an assistant professor at the University of Michigan Medical School who
studies effects of aging, lifestyle and disease on different aspects of thinking ability, also called cognitive function.
«Exploring the impact of the ageing population on the workforce and built environment» is the second report from the CIOB to
study the effects of the ageing population.
Semba is part of an international team of researchers that for 15 years has
studied the effects of aging in a group of people who live in the Chianti region of Italy.
«This lets us keep age - related signatures in the cells so that we can more easily
study the effects of aging on the brain,» says Rusty Gage, a professor in the Salk Institute's Laboratory of Genetics and senior author of the paper, published October 8, 2015 in Cell Stem Cell.
He and his Medical College colleagues applied for and won funding to
study the effects of aging on skeletal and heart muscle function.
To
study the effect of ageing on the ability of CMV - specific CD8 (+) T cells to produce type 1 - and type 2 - cytokines, interferon - gamma - and IL -10-producing, CD8 (+) T cell responses in the presence of CMV peptide antigen were measured in CMV - seropositive old and young donors.
To this end, they have developed a battery of neuropsychological test protocols that target each of these domains and they have used these tests to
study the effects of age and the various interventions on cognitive abilities.
Not exact matches
Along with the possibility
of raising the
age for purchasing a gun, the commission will
study the
effects of factors such as violent video games that contribute to what DeVos called a «culture
of violence» in U.S. schools.
One
effect can outweigh another depending on how large the
study population was and who they are composed
of (
age, gender, race, medical history, environment etc etc).
Some
of the medical
studies I used as a reference are: Caloric restriction and intermittent fasting: Two potential diets for successful brain
aging and Dietary Factors, Hormesis and Health, found on the US National Library
of Medicine Site, Cardioprotection by Intermittent Fasting in Rats on the American Heart Association Site and
Effect of Ramadan intermittent fasting on aerobic and anaerobic performance and perception
of fatigue in male elite judo athletes from the Journal
of Strength and conditioning research.
If you have been divorced within the past 3 years and have a child between the
ages of 2 - 5 who is currently enrolled in preschool, would you be willing to take this survey for a researcher at Yeshiva University who is
studying the
effects of parental communication on preschooler behavior?
In fact, it appears the sheer amount
of time parents spend with their kids between the
ages of 3 and 11 has virtually no relationship to how children turn out, and a minimal
effect on adolescents, according to the first large - scale longitudinal
study of parent time to be published in April in the Journal
of Marriage and Family.
The
effects of prolonged and exclusive breastfeeding on infectious diseases at older
ages in industrialized countries remain to be
studied.
In what is perhaps the largest
study yet to investigate the
effects of an infant feeding schedule, Maria Iacovou and Almudena Sevilla (2013) tracked the development
of more than 10,000 British children — breastfed and bottle - fed alike — from birth to
age 14.
Most
studies have revealed protective
effects of breastfeeding on common infections in the first 8 to12 months
of life.8, 27,29,30 One
study, which distinguished between infectious diseases until and from the
age of 6 months, revealed results similar to those from our
study.24 Although the authors used exclusive breastfeeding for 3 months as the reference group, exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months reduced the risk
of gastrointestinal tract infections between the
ages of 3 and 6 months but not between the
ages of 6 and 12 months.24 We can not explain why breastfeeding duration was only associated with lower risks
of lower respiratory tract infection from 7 to 12 months.
Of note, our models may underestimate the true maternal costs of suboptimal breastfeeding; we modeled the effects of lactation on only five maternal health conditions despite data linking lactation with other maternal health outcomes.46 In addition, women in our model could not develop type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or MI before age 35 years, although these conditions are becoming increasingly prevalent among young adults.47 Although some studies have found an association between lactation and rates of postmenopausal diabetes22, 23 and cardiovascular disease, 10 we conservatively limited the duration of lactation's effect on both diabetes and M
Of note, our models may underestimate the true maternal costs
of suboptimal breastfeeding; we modeled the effects of lactation on only five maternal health conditions despite data linking lactation with other maternal health outcomes.46 In addition, women in our model could not develop type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or MI before age 35 years, although these conditions are becoming increasingly prevalent among young adults.47 Although some studies have found an association between lactation and rates of postmenopausal diabetes22, 23 and cardiovascular disease, 10 we conservatively limited the duration of lactation's effect on both diabetes and M
of suboptimal breastfeeding; we modeled the
effects of lactation on only five maternal health conditions despite data linking lactation with other maternal health outcomes.46 In addition, women in our model could not develop type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or MI before age 35 years, although these conditions are becoming increasingly prevalent among young adults.47 Although some studies have found an association between lactation and rates of postmenopausal diabetes22, 23 and cardiovascular disease, 10 we conservatively limited the duration of lactation's effect on both diabetes and M
of lactation on only five maternal health conditions despite data linking lactation with other maternal health outcomes.46 In addition, women in our model could not develop type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or MI before
age 35 years, although these conditions are becoming increasingly prevalent among young adults.47 Although some
studies have found an association between lactation and rates
of postmenopausal diabetes22, 23 and cardiovascular disease, 10 we conservatively limited the duration of lactation's effect on both diabetes and M
of postmenopausal diabetes22, 23 and cardiovascular disease, 10 we conservatively limited the duration
of lactation's effect on both diabetes and M
of lactation's
effect on both diabetes and MI.
Follow - up
of some infants in different
studies at three, six and nine years
of age revealed no beneficial
effects of supplementation.
Compared to
studies examining the
effects of behavioral sleep programs such as extinction - based techniques in infants over 6 months
of age, fewer
studies have looked at such strategies in infants under 6 months
of age.
Finally, a Finnish trial
of universal home visiting by nurses35 and two U.S. programs implemented by master's degree - level mental health or developmental clinicians have found significant
effects on a number
of important child behavioural problems.36, 37 Additionally, a paraprofessional home visitation program found
effects on externalizing and internalizing behaviours at child
age 2; however due to the large number
of effects measured in this
study, replication
of the findings is warranted.38
Data from three waves
of the Fragile Families
Study (N = 2,111) was used to examine the prevalence and
effects of mothers» relationship changes between birth and
age 3 on their children's well - being.
In two
studies, mothers reported more negative emotional behaviour in their preschool -
aged children who formerly had colic, although there were no differences in all other reported behaviour problems when compared to infants who did not have colic.20, 21 Finally, several
studies have also examined mental development in infants with colic and likewise have demonstrated no
effect of colic.15, 16,20,22 In one
study, although differences on the Bayley MDI were revealed at six months, both groups were within the normal range, and no differences were found at 12 months
of age.23
Rakicioğlu et al (2006) 5
studied mothers with babies
aged 2 — 5 months who fasted during Ramadan and found no
effect of the fasting on the weight
of the babies.
There were no differences between groups in the gestational
age at randomization, time to uterine quiescence, time on
study drug, length
of hospitalization, days from randomization to delivery, incidence
of side
effects, or admissions to the neonatal intensive care unit.
Morbidity and mortality The reported risk
of food allergy at 12 months
of age was statistically significantly reduced among exclusively breastfed infants relative to mixed breastfed infants by 81 % (RR 0.19, 95 % CI [0.08 to 0.48], p = 0.00036; 1
study / 135 infants); however, when double - challenged with food in the same
study, the
effect size was reduced and became non-significant (RR 0.77, 95 % CI [0.25 to 2.41], p = 0.66).
The
effect of maternal
age and planned place
of birth on intrapartum outcomes in healthy women with straightforward pregnancies: secondary analysis
of the Birthplace national prospective cohort
study
-- Data from three waves
of the Fragile Families
Study (N = 2,111) was used to examine the prevalence and
effects of mothers» relationship changes between birth and
age 3 on their children's well being.
In addition, there was no
effect on breastfeeding duration when the pacifier was introduced at 1 month
of age.280 A more recent systematic review found that the highest level
of evidence (ie, from clinical trials) does not support an adverse relationship between pacifier use and breastfeeding duration or exclusivity.281 The association between shortened duration
of breastfeeding and pacifier use in observational
studies likely reflects a number
of complex factors such as breastfeeding difficulties or intent to wean.281 A large multicenter, randomized controlled trial
of 1021 mothers who were highly motivated to breastfeed were assigned to 2 groups: mothers advised to offer a pacifier after 15 days and mothers advised not to offer a pacifier.
Although some SIDS experts and policy - makers endorse pacifier use recommendations that are similar to those
of the AAP, 272,273 concerns about possible deleterious
effects of pacifier use have prevented others from making a recommendation for pacifier use as a risk reduction strategy.274 Although several observational studies275, — , 277 have found a correlation between pacifiers and reduced breastfeeding duration, the results
of well - designed randomized clinical trials indicated that pacifiers do not seem to cause shortened breastfeeding duration for term and preterm infants.278, 279 The authors
of 1
study reported a small deleterious
effect of early pacifier introduction (2 — 5 days after birth) on exclusive breastfeeding at 1 month
of age and on overall breastfeeding duration (defined as any breastfeeding), but early pacifier use did not adversely affect exclusive breastfeeding duration.
Physiologic
studies have demonstrated that, in general, swaddling decreases startling, 301 increases sleep duration, and decreases spontaneous awakenings.310 Swaddling also decreases arousability (ie, increases cortical arousal thresholds) to a nasal pulsatile air - jet stimulus, especially in infants who are easily arousable when not swaddled but less so in infants who have high arousal thresholds when not swaddled.301 One
study found decreased arousability in infants at 3 months
of age who were not usually swaddled and then were swaddled but found no
effect on arousability in routinely swaddled infants.301 In contrast, another group
of investigators showed decreased arousal thresholds310 and increases in autonomic (subcortical) responses311 to an auditory stimulus when swaddled.
At all
ages, control infants were breastfed at higher rates than SIDS victims, and the protective
effect of partial or exclusive breastfeeding remained statistically significant after adjustment for confounders.244 A recent meta - analysis that included 18 case - control
studies revealed an unadjusted summary OR for any breastfeeding
of 0.40 (95 % CI: 0.35 — 0.44).
In one
study, a protective
effect of breast milk on blood pressure was observed when 26 percent
of the original cohort were followed up at
ages 13 — 16 years (15), but not when 81 percent were examined at
ages 7.5 — 8 years (16), suggesting either the possibility
of selection bias in the later follow - up or an amplification
of the breastfeeding — blood pressure association (49).
The
effect of study size,
age groups at outcome measurement (comparing those
aged 16 — 30 y with those
aged ≥ 50 y), year
of birth, the method
of ascertainment
of infant feeding status (whether contemporary or recalled over a period
of ≥ 5 y) was examined by using meta - regression and sensitivity analysis.
Three publications were excluded: one
study examined only the association between duration
of breastfeeding and fasting plasma lipids at 17 y
of age, and there was no formula - fed group for comparison (21); one examined the
effect of nutritional supplementation in pregnant mothers, infants, and children on serum lipids in later life (18); and one was a review (22).
We found little evidence that between -
study heterogeneity in estimates was explained by
age at measurement
of blood pressure (p = 0.5), decade
of birth (p = 0.2), stipulation
of a minimum duration
of breastfeeding (p = 0.5), proportion
of the target population in the main analysis (p = 0.2), whether breastfeeding was exclusive for at least 2 months (p = 0.2), method
of blood pressure measurement (p = 0.4), or whether
effect estimates controlled for socioeconomic factors (p = 0.9), maternal factors in pregnancy (p = 0.9), or current weight (p = 0.9).
Two prominent
studies find modest
effects, in one case estimating that each 1 % increase in the share
of migrants in the UK working
age population leads to a 0.6 % decline in the wages
of the 5 % lowest paid workers, which would mean about 3p less per hour for someone earning just over the minimum wage
of # 6.19.
And many
studies, like this one, have failed to find a strong
effect of paternal
age on a couple's fertility.
«Although the
effects of light are well
studied in adults, virtually nothing is known about how evening light exposure affects the physiology, health and development
of preschool -
aged children,» said lead author Lameese Akacem, a CU Boulder instructor and researcher in the Sleep and Development Lab.
Burd and her colleagues used a mouse model to
study what happens to the brains
of those offspring as they
age into adulthood to see if the
effects persisted.
«After six months, resveratrol essentially prevented most
of the negative
effects of the high - calorie diet in mice,» says
study co-author Rafael de Cabo
of the National Institute
of Aging (NIA).
Supported by a large student team, Kurth and her colleagues, Monique LeBourgeois professor at the University
of Colorado Boulder, and Sean Deoni, professor at Brown University,
studied the
effects of 50 % sleep deprivation in a group
of 13 children between the
ages of 5 and 12 years.
To
study the
effect of size and
age on seed reproduction, the researchers examined 55 seed - bearing Ailanthus trees in southcentral Pennsylvania.
«We believe that there is a threshold
effect whereby the levels
of Klotho, dictated mostly by the
age of the patients, are crucial in determining whether they will benefit from this treatment or not,» said Reeti Behera, Ph.D., a postdoctoral researcher in the Weeraratna lab and first author
of the
study.
«Investigators
of aging in humans have been interested in
studying somatic
aging, and they've been interested in looking at the
effects of age on fertility, but, in general, there haven't been any people trying to tie those two lines
of investigation together,» saysTerry Hassold, a reproductive biologist at Washington State University in Pullman who was not involved in the
study.
Although some
of Das's papers documenting the benefits
of chemicals in wine have been cited hundreds
of times, other researchers who
study ageing and the
effects of resveratrol downplayed the significance
of his work.
The
study also found that the
effects of magnesium on pancreatic cancer did not appear to be modified by
age, gender, body mass index or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, but was limited to those taking magnesium supplements either from a multivitamin or individual supplement.
She eventually joined the lab for her Ph.D. thesis research,
studying the potential side
effects of a common treatment for
age - related macular degeneration.
«Furthermore, given the continued use
of psychotropic medications in very young children and concerns regarding their
effects on the developing brain, future
studies on the long - term
effects of psychotropic medication use in this
age group are essential.»
Another
study of 4,175 individuals between 11 and 17 years
of age is the first to document reciprocal
effects for major depression and short sleep duration among adolescents using prospective data.
In this
study that analyzed data from more than 5,580 middle -
aged Latin American women (mean
age, 49.7 years), the cause - and -
effect relationship was flipped to determine whether greater abdominal fat (defined as waist - to - height ratio in this instance) could increase a woman's chances
of developing anxiety.
And as yet, no
study has looked at the
age related
effect of obesity on dementia risk across the whole
age range in the population
of one country.