Sentences with phrase «studies of cell signaling»

For example, studies of cell signaling pathways in normal cells and cancer cells have contributed greatly to our knowledge about the disease, revealing molecular alterations that are shared among different types of cancer and pointing to possible strategies for treatment.

Since the study of cell signaling inherently combines multidisciplinary fields, Science Signaling bridges these fields not often covered together.

Not exact matches

A Canadian study published this year around the same time titled «Coconut oil protects cortical neurons from amyloid beta toxicity by enhancing signaling of cell survival pathways» observed that coconut oil and its medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs) protect against amyloid beta (Aβ) induced neurotoxicity in primary rat cortical neurons.

«Our new findings show that in the absence of embryonic movement the cells that should form articular cartilage receive incorrect molecular signals, where one type of signal is lost while another inappropriate signal is activated in its place,» Paula Murphy, a professor of zoology at Trinity College Dublin who co-led the study, says.

at The Scripps Research Institute and the Burnham Institute, and also at the National Institutes of Health, where her studies spanned signal transduction, cell migration, and neuronal development.

Researchers there are examining the role of other signaling factory beyond BMP as well as conducting further studies using human cells and human scar tissue.

Further study revealed that these so - called immune proteins are actually present on the surface of certain nerve cells, but that they functioned differently in the brain than they did in the rest of the body; rather than scouting for germs, they influenced signals sent between neurons.

Levels of a nerve cell signaling molecule called substance P — measured in tear samples — might be a useful marker of diabetes - related nerve damage (neuropathy), suggests a study in the July issue of Optometry and Vision Science, the official journal of the American Academy of Optometry.

This suggests that «the python intestine may represent a valuable model for studying the interactions of metabolism with the regulation of cell division / death and WNT signaling relevant to cancer,» the researchers said.

The group is now pursuing studies that couple the mechanical forces of a blast, or pressure wave, to the activation of chemical - signaling pathways in neural cells.

In research that has implications for diabetes and other metabolic diseases, an international study based at UT Southwestern Medical Center found that the protein connexin 43 (Cx43) forms cell - to - cell communication channels on the surface of emerging beige fat cells that amplify the signals from those few nerve fibers.

«The potential advantage of stem cells,» says Eugene Redmond, a professor of neurosurgery at the Yale University School of Medicine and the lead author of that study, «is that they still have the potential to migrate and position themselves in appropriate places depending on what signals are there [in the brain].»

Studies of deafness often emphasize the role of hair cells, the sensory cells that transmit sound signals to the brain.

The release of several signals by skin cells that are dying contributes to the creation and spreading of the chronic immune response and hyper - proliferation and irregular differentiation of epidermis,» says Joan Manils, first author of the study and member of the mentioned department and post-doctorate researcher at the Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (Ireland).

In the new study, Bohn's group used cell signaling assays on a library of µ - receptor - activating compounds to find a few with hints of a bias toward G - protein signaling.

The researchers found in a study in colon cancer cells that AIM2 limits the activation of the signaling molecule Akt.

A recent study from the Tel Aviv University School of Engineering used the signal strength from cell phone base stations to monitor the intensity of rainfall in those exact locations.

In particular, the published study states that, when root stem cells die due a genomic stress, a signal of steroid hormones is sent to reservoir stem cells so that these divide and replace the damaged ones.

In the study published in the journal Science Signaling, the team led by LLuís Espinosa, investigator of IMIM's research group into stem cells and cancer, have shown that inhibition of endosomal activity is a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cancers with the BRAF mutated gene.

In the study, the researchers show that after two to four weeks of 3 - D culture, the resulting muscle cells form muscle fibers that contract and react to external stimuli such as electrical pulses and biochemical signals mimicking neuronal inputs just like native muscle tissue.

In this study, the team, which included Dr. Meerim Nurbaeva and Miriam Eckstein in Dr. Lacruz's lab, for the first time used freshly dissected enamel cells (ameloblasts) from rodent teeth to modulate physiological processes in order to understand the contribution of CRAC channels in enamel calcium signaling.

Frigo and his team demonstrated in this study that androgens take control of the AMPK signaling cascade, a master regulator of metabolism, to increase prostate cancer cell growth.

This study, published recently in PLOS Genetics, shows that in the particular case of meiotic cells such as spermatocytes, the signalling route of the ATM protein also participates in the control system of the cell cycle progression in response to DNA damage, something which until now was unknown.

The ability to track markers inside and outside a cell simultaneously, and to map them atop images showing the cell's shape, is also helping researchers study the metabolic effects of signaling molecules, such as G - protein - coupled receptors.

Then there's the West Palm Beach symposium, held to recruit participants for a study testing what happens when aging people get infusions of plasma (the fluid part of blood packed with signaling proteins and other molecules but no red or white cells) from young people who've taken a drug meant to activate their immune system.

Scientists from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health, and other institutions discovered the mutations in four unrelated families with severe atopic dermatitis and studied the resulting cell - signaling defects that contribute to allergic disease.

One study showed that ovarian tumors produce a signaling molecule that serves to attract regulatory T cells, a subclass of adaptive immune cells responsible for quieting other T cells.

A new study led by scientists from the Florida campus of The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) sheds light on a signaling circuit in cells that drives therapy resistance in prostate cancer.

In the current study, researchers found to their surprise that most of the nerve cells in auditory cortex neurons that stimulate brain activity (excitatory) had signaled less (had «weaker» activity) when the mice expected and got a reward.

«What we saw in mice lacking STIM1 — whose T - cells can not generate calcium signals — is that the number of mycobacteria in their lungs was dramatically increased, resulting in excessive inflammation,» says Stefan Feske, MD, an associate professor of pathology at NYU Langone and the study's senior author.

The study focused on the serotonin transporter, a molecule that regulates the amount of serotonin signaling between brain cells and is a major target for treatment of depression and mood disorders.

In a study being published in the journal Neuron, researchers show that the signal molecule TGF - beta acts as a time signal that regulates the nerve stem cells» potential at different stages of the brain's development — knowledge that may be significant for future pharmaceutical development.

In the study published in Nucleic Acids Research, the researchers were able to induce and inhibit the expression of genes in mammalian cell cultures and were able to regulate intracellular protein levels using light signals.

«TGF - beta functions as an important time signal that controls when a stem cell should stop producing one type of nerve cell and instead start producing another, while also gradually limiting the stem cell's future development capacity,» says Johan Ericson, Professor of Developmental Biology, who led the study.

Experimental studies have revealed dozens of regulatory genes, signaling proteins and other genetic tools that cells use to gather information and communicate with one another.

The new study revealed that pancreatic cancer cells not only send signals that make macrophages produce abnormal amounts of dectin - 1 surface receptors, but also that make tumor cells themselves express high levels of galectin - 9.

It is the sparseness of the signals in the Kenyon cell neurons that makes studying memory formation in flies so promising to Turner and his team.

Scientists study the germline of the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans to identify the mechanisms that control stem cell proliferation and homeostasis, as well as to advance our molecular understanding of homologous signaling pathways humans.

Both discoveries came from studies of mitochondria, the powerhouses of the cell that burn nutrients for energy but also play a key role in signaling, cell death and growth.

The U-M study explains how increased cAMP in fat cells promotes the secretion of the hormone interleukin - 6, which signals the liver to stop producing glucose — thus improving overall blood sugar levels in obese diabetic mice.

A graduate student Anni Nieminen, the first author in the study explains, «In healthy cells dwindling ATP levels signals activation of AMPK, which tells the cells to save energy, for example, by stopping the cell proliferation.

Imaging flow cytometry (IFC) has emerged as a useful and efficient tool for studying the signaling pathways in immunophenotypically defined subpopulations of immune cells.

Dr. Gabriel Ferguson, a postdoctoral fellow in the lab of Dr. Martinez - Agosto and first author of the study, built upon the lab's previous research that utilized the blood system of the fruit fly species Drosophila, showing that a specific set of signals must be received by progenitor cells to activate their differentiation into cells that can work to fight infection after injury.

He then studied cancer cell signaling, discovering mechanisms of sensitivity and resistance to targeted agents.

To block this signal, recent clinical studies have focused on inhibiting the activation of the B - cell receptor as a treatment for non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients, but with variable success.

Studies in animals indicated that in branches of the nerve that exit from the back of the brain and wrap around various parts of the face and head, overactive cells would respond to typically benign lights, sounds and smells by releasing chemicals that transmit pain signals and cause migraine.

The budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is a prime organism for studying fundamental cellular processes, with the functions of many proteins important in the cell cycle and signaling networks found in human biology having first been discovered in yeast.

«The beauty of this study is that we now have a system in which we can investigate how a signaling cell uses these two genes Yorkie and Scalloped, which have never before been shown in blood, to direct specific cells to be made,» said Dr. Martinez - Agosto, associate professor of human genetics.

The new study, a comprehensive analysis of the genomes of 178 primary cervical cancers, found that over 70 percent of the tumors had genomic alterations in either one or both of two important cell signaling pathways.

In their latest study, researchers at La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology identified a key signal that drives the commitment of immature Tfh cells into fully functional Tfh cells and thus driving the step - by - step process that results in a precisely tailored and effective immune response.