«Even researchers who
study caloric restriction rarely practise it.»
Researchers who
study caloric restriction have two main theories on how it might slow aging.
«
We study caloric restriction because it has such a robust effect on aging and the incidence and timing of age related disease,» says corresponding author Rozalyn Anderson, an assistant professor of geriatrics.
Researchers
studying caloric restriction in mice have become accustomed to mixed results, which they attribute to genetic diversity among strains.
The current findings are «another piece of evidence that what we see in laboratory rodents on caloric restriction translates to humans,» said Richard Weindruch, PhD, of the University of Wisconsin — Madison, who has
studied caloric restriction since 1975 but did not participate in Floel's study.
«The results seem pretty dramatic,» says Mark P. Mattson, PhD, a senior investigator at the National Institute on Aging in Bethesda, Md. «Even though the number of subjects in the study was not really high, they had really high, statistically significant improvements in their performance on the memory test,» added Mattson, who
studies caloric restriction and the brain in his role as chief of the Cellular and Molecular Neurosciences Section at the Laboratory of Neurosciences but was not involved in Dr. Floel's investigation.
Not exact matches
I'll attempt to answer your question with a
study, which looked at the effect of eating three versus one meal per day, without any
caloric restriction.
Some of the medical
studies I used as a reference are:
Caloric restriction and intermittent fasting: Two potential diets for successful brain aging and Dietary Factors, Hormesis and Health, found on the US National Library of Medicine Site, Cardioprotection by Intermittent Fasting in Rats on the American Heart Association Site and Effect of Ramadan intermittent fasting on aerobic and anaerobic performance and perception of fatigue in male elite judo athletes from the Journal of Strength and conditioning research.
Although Clive McKay's
studies of life extension through
caloric restriction were done in the 1930s, only a few
studies have been done to find out which nutrients»
restriction contributes most to extending the life span.
Restricting only tryptophan, or only cysteine, produces a greater extension of the life span than achieved in most of the
studies of
caloric restriction.
The
study also finds that exercise is significantly less effective than
caloric restriction in preventing these age - related changes.
«You can't put human [
study subjects] on
caloric restrictions all their lives,» he says, but adds: «There is no reason why it couldn't apply to humans.»
The finding provides a central theory that may help researchers make sense of disparate results from previous
caloric restriction studies, says Siegfried Hekimi, a geneticist at McGill University in Montreal.
Hekimi says the work clears up confusion about the role of oxidants and antioxidants in
caloric restriction: They aren't involved, Mitchell's
studies demonstrate.
In many
studies,
caloric restriction has been shown to extend life span and improve health in certain organisms, but other research has produced conflicting results (SN: 1/24/15, p. 6, SN Online: 7/30/14), and scientists still aren't sure how it works.
But the new
study shows that the compound erased
caloric restriction's benefits not because it is an antioxidant, but because it contains a sulfurous amino acid, Hekimi says.
And more recently, molecular
studies had suggested that
caloric restriction — or compounds that mimicked it — might trigger a cascade of changes in gene expression that had the net effect of slowing ageing.
CUTTING CALORIES Bakers yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (shown in false color in an electron micrograph), may not get the life - prolonging benefits of
caloric restriction, a new
study suggests.
It's also possible that microfluidic dissection is simply not a good way to measure the effect of
caloric restriction, says Rozalyn Anderson, a researcher at the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health in Madison who
studies aging and
caloric restriction.
Mixed results from
studies of primates suggest that
caloric restriction may make monkeys healthier but doesn't prolong their lives (SN: 8/1/09, p. 8; SN: 10/6/12, p. 8).
«A variety of experimental and epidemiological
studies have tried to propose that intermittent or periodic fasting, like
caloric restriction, may slow the aging process and extend lifespans,» said Prof. Kobyliansky.
But other researchers who
study aging say
caloric restriction works as advertised; it's the new method that's flawed.
Those
studies call into question whether
caloric restriction will work for humans.
Without enough oxygen, the yeast may be unable to produce the metabolic changes scientists think are necessary to prolong life, say MIT molecular biologist Leonard Guarente, whose lab pioneered the
study of
caloric restriction in yeast.
The researchers
studied resveratrol because it activates proteins called sirtuins, the same proteins activated by
caloric restriction.
Studies of
caloric restriction are showing the way
Caloric restriction became something of a fad two decades ago, when a few individuals set out to cut their calories by 30 percent to slow the diseases of aging, but the Wisconsin and NIA
studies have a much broader focus.
An influential 2012 report on 120 monkeys being
studied at the National Institute of Aging (NIA) reported no differences in survival for
caloric restriction animals and a trend toward improved health that did not reach statistical significance.
«Hence, the conclusion that
caloric restriction is ineffective in their
study does not make sense to me and my colleagues.»
Well, this
study was able to delete certain lifespan - shortening calorie and inflammatory genes (creating a state of
caloric restriction) with at best, a 60 % lifespan extension (living to 60 - 90 days, very good!
Studies have shown that
caloric restriction can drastically increase the lifespan of a range of animals.
actually, if you look at
studies for
caloric restriction and its ability to extend lifetimes etc, it makes sense.
Animal and human
studies about
caloric restriction show that when calories are reduced by 30 - 40 %, the subjects tended to live a lot longer — 30 % longer actually.
Human
studies back this up too showing that when human subjects fasted on alternate days they not only showed the same benefits as
caloric restriction groups, but also showed an increased ability to lose weight and improvements in coronary heart disease risk factors.
Unfortunately, the
study that showed benefits from overall
caloric restriction also included a low - fat diet, often recommended for weight loss.
It's not exactly easy to hear in a world where snacks and packaged foods abound, but some
studies have shown very positive benefits from
caloric restriction diets.
Studies have shown that the benefits of
caloric restriction can be obtained in ways besides just reducing overall calories (especially by cutting fat) and that some other methods might be more effective.
Here is an article from 2006 that analyzed 5 other
studies (meta - analysis) comparing the effects of low carb diets without
caloric restriction vs low fat diets.
Despite good compliance, the weight difference at the end of the
study was less than 1/4 pounds despite years of
caloric restriction.
In most long - term
studies, the effect of increased protein consumption on appetite was obscured by
caloric restriction imposed on subjects in addition to the altered macronutrient content of the diet (26 — 29).
Three
studies even suggest resveratrol may mimic the longevity - enhancing effects (but unpopular tactic) of
caloric restriction.
Benagene contains the nutrient 3 - carboxy -3-oxopropanoic acid which in clinical
studies has been shown to mimic the life extending effects of
caloric restriction.
Studies have shown «that a lifetime regimen of
restriction in total food or
caloric intake resulted in a remarkable increase in the length of life and a reduction in incidence of several debilitating and life - shortening diseases,» reports Ross boldly.15 Unfortunately, the «benefits» of calorie -
restriction only accrue when rats are given severely calorie - restricted diets immediately after weaning.
Studies have directly compared daily
caloric restriction with intermittent fasting, while keeping weekly calorie intake similar.
Reviewing all 8
studies in the literature, they found that interventions lasting at least 12 weeks with
caloric restriction consistently showed decreased food cravings.
The composition of the diet in both regimens followed the
Study Group on Diabetes and Nutrition of the European Association for the
Study of Diabetes guidelines [15] with the same
caloric restriction: a
restriction of 2,092 kJ / day (500 kcal / day) based on the measurement of each individual's resting energy expenditure (REE) by indirect calorimetry (metabolic monitor VMAX; SensorMedics, Anaheim, CA, USA)[16].
Although the
study conducted by Wilson and Lowrey showed that the cyclical ketogenic diet causes muscle loss, I would propose it to be a side effect of
caloric restriction or improper scheduling.
Where the first
study was considered «protein overfeeding» and hypercaloric, the second
study is presented in the context of eating higher protein in the context of
caloric restriction ***.
Studies on calorie
restriction through short - term fasting just before chemotherapy — defined as a complete lack of food and
caloric beverages (noncaloric beverages such as water are allowed) for 72 hours or less — has demonstrated a wide range of beneficial effects.
However,
studies have shown that engaging in highly intense eccentric loading exercise, anabolic hormones such as testosterone, HGH and IGF - 1 help preserve muscle mass, even during
caloric restriction.