Sentences with phrase «study of brain size»

Not exact matches

A study of older women with MCI found a tie between aerobic exercise and an increase in the size of the hippocampus, a brain area involved in learning and memory.

Another study, this time of exclusively older women with MCI, found that aerobic exercise was tied to an increase in the size of the hippocampus, a brain area involved in learning and memory.

A study by Luby and other WUSM researchers showed that a mother's love had a physical effect on the size of her child's hippocampus — the area of the brain responsible for memory.

But A. deyiremeda and its neighbors do indicate that hominins with ape - size brains had developed successful adaptations to different environments, says the study's lead author Yohannes Haile - Selassie, a paleoanthropologist at the Cleveland Museum of Natural History.

Herculano - Houzel hopes that the results of the study and the questions it raises will stimulate other neuroscientists to begin exploring the mysteries of the avian brain, especially how their behavior compares to that of mammals of similar numbers of neurons or brain size.

Among the questions that this study raises are whether the surprisingly large number of neurons in bird brains comes at a correspondingly large energetic cost, and whether the small neurons in bird brains are a response to selection for small body size due to flight, or possibly the ancestral way of adding neurons to the brain — from which mammals, not birds, may have diverged.

That is one of the surprising results of the first study to systematically measure the number of neurons in the brains of more than two dozen species of birds ranging in size from the tiny zebra finch to the six - foot - tall emu, which found that they consistently have more neurons packed into their small brains than are stuffed into mammalian or even primate brains of the same mass.

The study, recently published in the journal Resuscitation, found that patients discharged in «good neurological condition» after a brief cardiac arrest (when the heart suddenly stops beating normally and can not pump blood effectively) had significant memory problems and a 10 to 20 per cent reduction in size of their brain's memory region, the hippocampus.

«Our own previous study on Facebook could only show correlation between social network size and the brain, but we could not determine the direction of causation between social brain regions and social network size,» notes Ryota Kanai of University College London, one of the researchers on the study.

Recent studies suggest that the total loss in brain volume due to atrophy — a wasting away of tissue caused by cell degeneration — between our teen years and old age is 15 percent or more, which means that by the time we're in our seventies, our brains have shrunk to the size they were when we were between 2 and 3 years old.

Generally speaking, the larger a mammal's brain, the greater its tendency to play, according to a 2001 Journal of Comparative Psychology study that correlated play with relative brain size across 15 orders, from Rodentia to Primates.

The brain - size - altering effect of the gene is what led the researchers to study the impact on IQ.

Nevertheless, as Tobias says, it is still ``... a field beset with relatively few facts but many theories... The story of early hominid brains has to be read from carefully dated, well identified, fossilised calvariae, or from endocranial casts formed within them... Such materials confine the Hercule Poirot, who would read «the little grey cells» of fossil hominids, to statements about the size, shape and surface impressions... of ancient brains...» The other major limiting factor at the moment is the lack of suitable fossil skulls for such studies.

This study is complementary to another that found adults with anorexia and individuals who had recovered from this illness also had differences in brain size, previously published in the American Journal of Psychiatry, 2013.

Powers is planning expand his study size and is partnering with another CCTS - funded stroke investigator who developed an animal model of ischemia in order to analyze micro-RNA released in brain tissues at the precise area around a blocked blood vessel.

Studies have also indicated various brain regions as playing a role in ASD, and that these areas may fluctuate in size compared with brains of kids without ASD, but the work is still inconclusive.

A new study shows that the time it takes for humans and all other mammals to start walking fits closely with the size of their brains.

Starting at 2 days old, infant brains experience an explosive growth spurt, reaching half their adult size within 3 months of birth, according to a study in JAMA Neurology.

Nevertheless, this study provides new information about the size and shape of the brain and skull in the Down syndrome population.

«Brain samples from great apes, particularly aged individuals, are incredibly scarce, so a study of this size is rare.»

A study of red deer on a Scottish island reveals some of the first evidence in wild mammals of a clear link between brain size and evolutionary fitness

In a study reported in the journal Nutritional Neuroscience, the researchers looked for relationships between several omega - 3 fatty acids in the blood, the relative size of structures in the frontal and parietal cortices of the brain, and performance on tests of fluid intelligence in healthy elderly adults.

The study, published in the open access journal Acta Neuropathologica Communications, showed that in experiments on mice, an immune - based treatment reduced the size of brain lesions.

A new study from the George Washington University's Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology (CASHP) found that whereas brain size evolved at different rates for different species, especially during the evolution of Homo, the genus that includes humans, chewing teeth tended to evolve at more similar rstudy from the George Washington University's Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology (CASHP) found that whereas brain size evolved at different rates for different species, especially during the evolution of Homo, the genus that includes humans, chewing teeth tended to evolve at more similar rStudy of Human Paleobiology (CASHP) found that whereas brain size evolved at different rates for different species, especially during the evolution of Homo, the genus that includes humans, chewing teeth tended to evolve at more similar rates.

Teens who are more likely to argue aggressively and persistently with their parents also have brain structures of different sizes, a new study finds.

«The findings of the study indicate that simple causal relationships between the evolution of brain size, tool use and tooth size are unlikely to hold true when considering the complex scenarios of hominin evolution and the extended time periods during which evolutionary change has occurred,» said Aida Gómez - Robles, lead author of the paper and a postdoctoral scientist at GW's CASHP.

Such dramatic effects on brain size and function are unlikely in human carriers of BRCA1 mutations, the authors of the study note, but they propose the findings could shed light on the gene's role in brain evolution.

Herculano - Houzel and her collaborators — graduate students Débora Messeder and Fernanda Pestana from the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro in Brazil; Professor Kelly Lambert at Randolph - Macon College; Associate Professor Stephen Noctor at the University of California, Davis School of Medicine; Professors Abdulaziz Alagaili and Osama Mohammad from King Saud University in Saudi Arabia; and Research Professor Paul R. Manger at the University of the Witwatersrand in South Africa — picked carnivorans to study because of their diversity and large range of brain sizes as well as the fact that they include both domesticated and wild species.

«In this study, we were interested in comparing different species of carnivorans to see how the numbers of neurons in their brains relate to the size of their brains, including a few favorite species including cats and dogs, lions and brown bears,» said Associate Professor of Psychology and Biological Sciences Suzana Herculano - Houzel, who developed the method for accurately measuring the number of neurons in brains.

The size of the otoferlin molecule and its low solubility have made it difficult to study, including how otoferlin works differently than another neuronal calcium sensor in the brain, synaptotagmin.

Brain imaging studies also show a link between the overall size of the hippocampus and recurrent bouts of major depression.

Amber Ruigrok, who carried out the study as part of her PhD, said: «For the first time we can look across the vast literature and confirm that brain size and structure are different in males and females.

Studying a new type of pinhead - size, lab - grown brain made with technology first suggested by three high school students, Johns Hopkins researchers have confirmed a key way in which Zika virus causes microcephaly and other damage in fetal brains: by infecting specialized stem cells that build its outer layer, the cortex.

Brain size seems to have nothing to do with scores on standardized intelligence tests, according to a brain - scan study of young chilBrain size seems to have nothing to do with scores on standardized intelligence tests, according to a brain - scan study of young chilbrain - scan study of young children.

In fact, no associations were found between early brain responses and long - term outcomes, which could relate to the small size of the study or the fact that several patients were sedated during the fMRI and EEG tests.

The 1 autistic child with a brain size within the 95 % CI of controls had among the greatest prefrontal neuron counts in the study, which raises the question of whether excess prefrontal neuron counts may be present in other autistic children who have near normal or smaller brain sizes.

For the moment, Blue Brain scientists study rodent brain tissue and characterize different types of neurons to excruciating detail, recording their electrical properties, shapes, sizes, and how they conBrain scientists study rodent brain tissue and characterize different types of neurons to excruciating detail, recording their electrical properties, shapes, sizes, and how they conbrain tissue and characterize different types of neurons to excruciating detail, recording their electrical properties, shapes, sizes, and how they connect.

As part of the study, the investigators also found the same brain structure is smaller in kids diagnosed with pathological guilt during their preschool years, providing evidence that excessive guilt is a symptom of depression related to the size of the insula.

The new paper «Extinction Reverses Olfactory Fear Conditioned Increases in Neuron Number and Glomerular Size» highlights the results of a first of its kind study in which researchers reveal that the olfactory system in the brain is biologically and structurally more sensitive to trauma cues than previously thought, and that it's possible for fear behaviors associated with emotional learning to be reversed through exposure - based talk therapy.

Kabadai concluded: «There is still so much we need to understand and learn about the relationship between intelligence and brain size, as well as the structure of a bird's brain, but this study clearly shows that bird brains are not simply birdbrains after all!»

Such implants can be difficult to insert, however, and can be incompatible with many kinds of experiments, such as studies of development, during which the brain changes size, or of neurodegenerative disorders, during which the implant can interact with brain physiology.

However, when the human brains grew larger they maintained the basic structure of the primate brain, including the size of the prefrontal cortex, her latest study has found.

That cylinder in the middle of the image is the tiny, cubic millimeter - sized chunk of mouse neocortex studied as a test case for nanoscale brain imaging technology

A study presents surprising new findings on bird brains: they maintain up to twice as many neurons as primate brains of the same size.

That cylinder in the middle of the image is the tiny, cubic millimeter - sized chunk of mouse neocortex studied as a test case for nanoscale brain imaging technology (Credit: Harvard University)

A separate meta - analysis including studies directing rTMS at other brain regions revealed a mean weighted effect size of 0.33 (95 % CI: 0.17 to 0.50) in favor of real TMS.

Dr. Rapoport was a pioneer in studying the pathophysiology of ADHD and neuropharmacological approaches to its treatment, and she was the first to discover that some childhood psychiatric symptoms result from autoimmune reactions to streptococcal infection, the first to establish the link between obsessive - compulsive behaviors in children and OCD in adults, and the first to use longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging to uncover developmental abnormalities in brain size and structure in children with schizophrenia.

Objective: The primary objective of the present study was to estimate how large a sample size would be needed for future clinical trials for AD - modifying treatments in Japan using atrophy measures of the brain as a surrogate biomarker.

Tiny structures about the size of a fly's eye provide a new futuristic opportunity to study pediatric brain cancers.

Understanding Zika's mechanisms will illuminate how viral infection leads to birth defects such as microcephaly, a condition marked by an abnormally small head and brain size, and could inform the development of therapies and vaccines, the study authors said.