Sentences with phrase «study variables included»

Other study variables included occupational and leisure - time physical activity, sleep duration, socioeconomic status, smoking, alcohol consumption, energy intake, adherence to the recommended diet, multiple individual food items, age and genetic variants associated with body mass index (BMI).

Descriptive statistics were completed for all study variables including the sample demographics to characterize the sample and investigate how adolescents compared their parents» monitoring to the «good parent» standard.

Not exact matches

To date, results from several longitudinal studies indicate that e-cigarette use among nonsmoking youth increases the likelihood of future use of conventional cigarettes.5 — 10 Specifically, the pooled odds ratio (OR) in a recent meta - analysis of studies of adolescents and young adults (aged 14 — 30) indicates that those who had ever used e-cigarettes were 3.62 times more likely to report using cigarettes at follow - up compared with those who had not used e - cigarettes.11 This finding was robust and remained significant when adjusting for known risk factors associated with cigarette smoking, including demographic, psychosocial, and behavioral variables such as cigarette susceptibility.

The study was characterized by a complex and detailed study design which took into account many variables, including characteristics of the child care and the family environment.

A well - designed experimental study isolates those variables that concern us, and contrasts them with a control condition that doesn't include those variables.

Strengths of our study include a prospective design, detailed contemporaneous measurement of duration and exclusivity of breastfeeding, and measurement of numerous potential confounding variables, including the home environment and maternal IQ.

The three study groups were also similar in the variables related to birth and infant morbidity, including the mode of delivery and the mean birth weight (table 2) ⇓.

We included control variables consistent with relevant studies: maternal age (18 — 24, 25 — 35, ≥ 35 years)[6, 11], marital status (married and unmarried)[6, 29], maternal education (high school graduate or less, some college education, and college graduate or higher)[19].

To correct for limitations, Bauchner et al suggested four standards for breast feeding studies.22 These include avoidance of detection bias, clear definition of the outcome event, clear definition of breast feeding, and adjustment for potential confounding variables.

In the following years, the team that included Dr. Marilyn Latour, an astronomer from the Dr. Remeis - Sternwarte Bamberg, the astronomical institute of Friedrich - Alexander - Universität Erlangen - Nürnberg (FAU), studied these stars in more detail and concluded that they had stumbled upon a new class of variable star.

But, ultimately, a lot of data are potentially lost when sex is not included as a study variable, Fowler reasons.

The first study will examine these patients over time, in order to analyze other important variables such as melanoma relapse, mortality, resistance to treatment, development of a second melanoma or other cancers, and metastasis, including spread of the cancer to nearby lymph nodes (sentinel nodes).

The study's finding that emotions influenced achievement held constant even after taking into account the effects of other variables, including students» intelligence and gender, and families» socioeconomic status.

Other variables included the history of fractures in participants, and the use of supplements such as current or past use of calcium and / or vitamin D. Blood test results for vitamin D levels from 1,204 out of the 1,279 participants were also factored into the study.

For the study, the researchers measured variables of grief including hopelessness, sadness and loneliness as well as depression and PTSD.

The study included 17,897 respondents from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), administered by the U.S. government since 1957 to examine a nationally representative sample of U.S. households about health and sociodemographic variables.

The study's ultimate product was a mathematical equation or formula that included as variables the length of the fall, the length of rope between the carabiner and climber, the climber's height above the carabiner, the maximum elongation or the rope, the mass of the climber and acceleration due to gravity.

It's not feasible to study the effects of cosmic rays on real astronauts, such as those living in the International Space Station, because many variables, including the stress of living on a spaceship, can affect cognition, says Patric Stanton, a cell biologist at New York Medical College in Valhalla.

«Two of our research studies analyzed several years of crash data and controlled for several variables, including traffic amounts, to account for safety of the interchanges before and after they became DDIs while taking into account DDI ramp lengths, giving us a more complete and robust sample of results that we feel is very comprehensive.»

In a study of relationships between socioeconomic variables and opioid - related drug overdoses, researchers found several correlations that are often not discussed in the current conversation about the nation's deaths of despair, which includes opioid overdoses, said Stephan Goetz, professor of agricultural and regional economics, Penn State and director of the Northeast Regional Center for Rural Development.

Professor Elaine Dennison, Professor of Musculoskeletal Epidemiology and Honorary Consultant in Rheumatology within Medicine at the University of Southampton, noted: «Among the challenges in carrying out this study was the great heterogeneity in the RCTs, including in the exercise protocols and in the dosage of supplementation, all of which contributes to the variable findings between studies.

The studies included in the analysis controlled for many variables, including demographics, past attempts to quit, and level of nicotine dependence.

A number of other psychosocial variables appear to be associated with distress, including self - criticism, dependency, situation appraisals and attachment style, but these have only been explored by one or two studies at most.

For their study, Beck and Sieber selected 19 climate and soil variables that could influence how humans use the land, including soil type and precipitation in the coldest and warmest seasons.

The new PTSD study included more than 2,300 pairs of men and women who were matched based on an array of variables — including combat exposure — and followed about seven years, on average.

But the new study accounts for more climate variables, not just temperature, that could come into play, including atmospheric carbon dioxide levels and rainfall patterns.

To identify methodological categories, the outcome of each paper was classified according to a set of binary variables: 1 - outcome measured on biological material; 2 - outcome measured on human material; 3 - outcome exclusively behavioural (measures of behaviours and interactions between individuals, which in studies on people included surveys, interviews and social and economic data); 4 - outcome exclusively non-behavioural (physical, chemical and other measurable parameters including weight, height, death, presence / absence, number of individuals, etc...).

It will take more parsing of these variable regions, and more longitudinal studies (including two or more generations) to determine whether they cause obesity, or are a byproduct.

A recent review of studies conducted mainly in adults highlights several methodological variables including concatenation of specific task blocks, the use of low - pass filtering, regression of main effects of task, and methods for selecting regions - of - interest that result in considerable heterogeneity between studies with respect to how functional connectivity is conceptualized and analyzed.

Specifically, the reviewed data showed that analysis and discussion included sex as an independent variable in less than 33 % (432 of 1303) of surgical clinical research studies.

The strengths of the present study include the large size and the relatively homogeneous nature of the cohort, which reduced confounding by several variables, such as access to medical care, educational attainment, and socioeconomic status.

The strengths of this study include its population - based sample, high participation rate, and use of a GI - and carbohydrate - validated FFQ to collect dietary information, and detailed questionnaires that permitted careful assessment of potential confounding variables.

For the study, the patients self - reported outcomes in a 36 - item physical component survey that also included variables such as: fatigue, depression, and quality of sleep.

These are all major confounding variables in the studies which have tried to link abnormal cortisol patterns to various diseases (including chronic fatigue / burnout).

In order to isolate the effect of social networking on STD prevalence, the study controlled for a range of socioeconomic variables including population, race, age, income, education, and population density.

In this study, many of these socioeconomic variables were controlled for, including population, race, age, income, education, and population density.

There is risk in including variables that have no real impact on the result being studied.

Such a matched group design is weaker in terms of its ability to support strong causal conclusions than a random assignment design because it doesn't eliminate the possibility that the two groups differed at the outset of the study on variables not measured and therefore not included in the matching algorithm.

[10] Like Rizzo and Ehrenberg, they were not directly interested in the effect of appropriations on tuition, but included it in their study as a control variable.

These studies examined what variables were associated with high or low levels of tuition at public universities and included appropriations in the analysis.

[8] The study looked at correlations between changes in tuition and a number of variables, including state appropriations — although the authors used «sticker price» to measure tuition, not actual tuition revenues, which might affect the results.

In other words, RAND's analysis failed to include the precise variables that the study itself claims are key.

Perhaps the most respected study to date, conducted by researchers Jason Richwine and Andrew Biggs (in which they account for all variables — including the fact that teachers work on average for 180 days, while private industry workers toil for 240 - 250 days) found that workers «who switch from non-teaching jobs to teaching jobs receive a wage increase of roughly 9 percent, while teachers who change to non-teaching jobs see their wages decrease by approximately 3 percent.»

District officials have promised an engineering study to determine the feasibility of the move, but it is unclear whether the equations will include a variable for proximity to homicide.

The research design is particularly useful for circumstances involving novel instructional (including technological) approaches, as without preliminary studies it is difficult to ascertain what variables and considerations should be included in an evaluation design.

We tested the factor structure of the teacher variables included in the study.

Our study used control variables including the age of the home, square footage, replacement cost, and roof type, to gather comparable quotes across a number of home insurance companies.

Not according to a number of financial experts, including Robert Abboud, an Ottawa — based CFP and the author of No Regrets: A common sense guide to achieving and affording your life goals, our very own Canadian Capitalist blogger, Ram Balakrishnan, and Dr. Moshe Milevsky, the York university professor whose initial 2001 study became the impetus behind the current belief that you'll always save with a variable rate mortgage.

The Golden Retriever Lifetime Study gives us an unprecedented opportunity to follow multiple variables, including blood glucose, and look for potential risk factors between disease, genetics, environment, nutrition and lifestyle.

McDonough will also present a series of «Awning Studies» around the downtown area of Miami including Lombardi Properties, Dimensions Variable, and The Fountainhead Residency and Studios.