Sentences with phrase «studying human brain development»
The disruption of prenatal cellular activity in zebra fish, which share 80 percent of their genes with humans and are considered a good model for studying human brain development, seemed to result in hyperactivity, according to the Canadian study, which was published Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
https://www.washingtonpost.com/ Not exact matches
Neuroscientists have over the past decade uncovered evidence, both in rodent and human studies, that parental caregiving, especially in moments of stress, affects children's development not only on the level of hormones and brain chemicals, but even more deeply, on the level of gene expression.
While not a lot of research can tell us the effects of BPA on humans, studies on animals suggest it may be dangerous to brain development, the reproductive system, and the immune system.
In 2007, researchers published the first randomized, controlled study of the effect of being raised in an orphanage; that study, and subsequent research on the same sample of Romanian orphans, found that compared with babies placed with a foster family, those who were sent to institutions had lower IQs, slower physical growth, problems with human attachment and differences in functioning in brain areas related to emotional development.
Dr. Nina Kraus, a groundbreaking neuroscientist at Northwestern University, has been studying the effects of music training on brain development — with the use of non-invasive approaches in humans — and on the development of language skills.
Studies have shown that a protein in human milk aids in brain development, and breast - fed babies are less likely to get gastrointestinal infections and diarrhea, respiratory and ear infections or more serious diseases such as pneumonia, and there is a lower risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome.
She worked on multiple research studies as a post graduate at the University of Washington's Institute of Brain and Learning Sciences and Center on Human Development and Disability.
«The human organoids are good for studying the very early stages of brain development, but may not reveal much about later, more mature stages on which things like sociality depend,» says John Mason at the University of Edinburgh, UK.
Professor Jianfeng Feng commented that new technology has made it possible to conduct this trail - blazing study: «human intelligence is a widely and hotly debated topic and only recently have advanced brain imaging techniques, such as those used in our current study, given us the opportunity to gain sufficient insights to resolve this and inform developments in artificial intelligence, as well as help establish the basis for understanding and diagnosis of debilitating human mental disorders such as schizophrenia and depression.»
In the new study, researchers mined databases of genomic data from humans and chimpanzees, to find enhancers expressed primarily in the brain tissue and early in development.
«The cortex is a very important region in the adult human brain that undergoes a complex, multi-stage development process,» said Daniel Nagode, a former postdoctoral researcher at UMD and lead author of the study.
The House bill orders the government to report on «the development of safe nanotechnology,» including a study of its use for self - reproducing machines, artificial intelligence, and «human brain extenders.»
A study conducted at the Max Planck Institute for Human Development has investigated the relationship between the availability of nature near city dwellers» homes and their brain health.
The study was supported by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (K23 HD054720), Flora Family Foundation, UCSF Catalyst Award, UCSF Resource Allocation Program, Brain & Behavior Research Foundation Young Investigator Award, Stanford University Lucile Packard Foundation for Children's Health, Spectrum Child Health & Clinical and Translational Science Award and the Extraordinary Brain Series of the Dyslexia Foundation.
Finally, says Evrony, the findings provide a proof - of - principle for a systematic way of studying how brain cells disperse and migrate during development, «something that has not been possible to do before in humans,» he says.
The new research focused on just nine genes, those most strongly associated with autism in recent sequencing studies, and investigated their effects using precise maps of gene expression during human brain development.
Mark Blumberg, a psychology professor at the UI and senior author of the study, says this latest discovery is further evidence that sleep twitches — whether in dogs, cats or humans — are connected to brain development, not dreams.
«This study focused on the development of the neocortex, but we aim to analyze multiple brain regions and developmental stages to achieve a more comprehensive atlas of cell types in the developing human brain,» Kriegstein said.
«For example, there is a huge amount of interest and excitement globally in growing cerebral organoids» — miniature brain - like organs that can be studied in laboratory experiments — «from stem cells to model human brain development and disease mechanisms.
The approach enabled a wide range of studies of human brain development, including implicating a new class of neural stem cell recently discovered by the lab in the evolutionary expansion of the human brain and identifying how the mosquito - borne Zika virus may contribute to microcephaly in infants infected in utero.
In the new study, the researchers discovered that during the second trimester of human brain development, oRG cells express genes related to a fundamental signaling pathway called mTOR, defects in which have previously been implicated in autism and several other psychiatric disorders.
The 3D tissue structures will let researchers study the early stages of human brain development in unprecedented detail.
«It's critically important to be able to look at questions of brain development in real human tissue when you're trying to study human disease.
The use of neuroimaging was part of an effort to find noninvasive ways of studying pig brain development that could also be applied in humans.
A second major theme is the development of methods for studying human brain structure and function using MRI and for integrating fMRI data with other imaging methods such as EEG.
Although the original impetus of the work was to study human brain disease and development, says Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) Investigator Christopher Walsh, the results also shed light on how the human brain expanded during the course of evolution.
The work takes a step toward using brain organoids to study complexities of human brain development and disease that can't be investigated with current techniques.
Therefore, hand - in - hand with the development of selective ligands to inhibit BuChE in brain, it is fundamental to optimize assay conditions for... kinetic studies of human BuChE.
One new way that scientists study this process of cellular development — and a way in which they hope to grow replacement tissue for medical treatments in the future — is by recreating the essential features of human brains, eyes, lungs, and guts in a petri dish.
GIND investigator Li Gan, PhD, and her collaborators studied the development of neurons born in the hippocampus of adult mice genetically engineered to produce high levels of human Aβ in the brain.
Dr. Raichle's research led to the development and use of positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging, tools that have enabled scientists to safely and non-invasively study the living human brain and track and record its function in health and disease.
In the lab for Human Brain and Neural Stem Cell Studies we aim at developing experimental paradigms to systematically identify novel types of neural stem and progenitor cells that serve as building blocks for brain developBrain and Neural Stem Cell Studies we aim at developing experimental paradigms to systematically identify novel types of neural stem and progenitor cells that serve as building blocks for brain developbrain development.
While researchers have been able to study how DISC1 mutations alter the brain during development in animal models, it has been difficult to find the right tools to study changes in humans.
Relatively few neuroimaging studies have explored the role of puberty in human brain development (Blakemore et al., 2010; Crone and Dahl, 2012; Galvan et al., 2012), though it was noted long ago that measurements of peak gray matter volume coincide with the onset of puberty (Giedd et al., 1999; Blakemore, 2012).
His research team is interested in identifying genes that direct the development of the cerebral cortex, both because of their importance in human diseases and because studying those genes will help in learning about the normal development and evolution of the brain.
Three recent experimental studies focused on low consumption / exposure.949596 In one study, 29 smokers each consumed a single cigarette, immediately after which they had a significant decrease in blood vessel output power and significant increase in blood vessel ageing level and remaining blood volume 25 minutes later, as markers of atherosclerosis.94 In another study, human coronary artery endothelial cells were exposed to the smoke equivalent to one cigarette, which led to activation of oxidant stress sensing transcription factor NFR2 and up - regulation of cytochrome p450, considered to have a role in the development of heart disease.95 These effects were not seen when heart cells were exposed to the vapour from one e - cigarette.95 A study exposed adult mice to low intensity tobacco smoke (two cigarettes) for one to two months and found adverse histopathological effects on brain cells.96
What we are learning is that the in utero environment may also affect the timing of future pubertal development in offspring, which makes sense since human brains are developed in utero and the brain releases hormones affecting puberty,» said study lead author Ai Kubo.
«Although we knew that the EAAT2 gene has a crucial role to play in neurological processes in human and potentially in the development of migraine, until now, no genetic link has been identified to suggest that glutamate accumulation in the brain could play a role in common migraine,» says co-senior author of the study Professor Christian Kubisch of University of Ulm, Germany (previously at the University of Cologne where he conducted his research for this study.)
The delicate balance between the human microbiome and the development of psychopathologies is particularly interesting given the ease with which the microbiome can be altered by external factors, such as diet, 23 exposure to antimicrobials24, 25 or disrupted sleep patterns.26 For example, a link between antibiotic exposure and altered brain function is well evidenced by the psychiatric side - effects of antibiotics, which range from anxiety and panic to major depression, psychosis and delirium.1 A recent large population study reported that treatment with a single antibiotic course was associated with an increased risk for depression and anxiety, rising with multiple exposures.27 Bercik et al. 28 showed that oral administration of non-absorbable antimicrobials transiently altered the composition of the gut microbiota in adult mice and increased exploratory behaviour and hippocampal expression of brain - derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), while intraperitoneal administration had no effect on behaviour.
S. Lynneth Solis Mind, Brain, and Education Program Current city: Cambridge Current job: Doctoral Student, Human Development and Education, Harvard Graduate School of Education Career highlight: Collaborating with researchers at the Universidad de los Andes in Bogotá, Colombia to study object play experiences of children in socioeconomically diverse preschools in the city
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Arts in Education: Aysha Upchurch Education Policy and Management: Jessica Lander Human Development and Psychology: Olamide Abiose Higher Education: Rachel Freeman International Education Policy: Nicole Paulet Piedra Language and Literacy: Heather Elgin Learning and Teaching: Ahoba Arthur Mind, Brain, and Education: Jayne Everson Prevention Science and Practice: Heather McCormack School Leadership: Cornelius Lee Special Studies: Maya Ayoub Teacher Education: Elyse Terry Technology, Innovation, and Education: Nick Giacobbe
Arts in Education: John Sessler Education Policy and Management: Manny Lamarre Human Development and Psychology: LaJoi Royston Higher Education: Jasmine Omorogbe International Education Policy: Matthew Williams Language and Literacy: Jin Hee Chung Learning and Teaching: Jonathan Yuan Mind, Brain, and Education: Drew Nelson Prevention Science and Practice: Habib Bangura School Leadership: Tracie Sanlin Special Studies: Margaret Okada Teacher Education: Jonathan Judson Technology, Innovation, and Education: Graham North
Intellectual Contribution / Faculty Tribute Award: Arts in Education: Shawn Lavoie Education Policy and Management: James Kelly Human Development and Psychology: Tim Goodman Higher Education: Daniel Follmer International Education Policy: Kevin Kalra Language and Literacy: Maura Ross Learning and Teaching: Sedia Dennis Mind, Brain, and Education: Bryan Mascio Prevention Science and Practice: Harry Schnur School Leadership: Lybroan James Special Studies: Ryan Romaneski Teacher Education: Aaron Randolph Technology, Innovation, and Education: Harvey Shaw
She worked on multiple research studies as a post graduate at the University of Washington's Institute of Brain and Learning Sciences and Center on Human Development and Disability.