Sentences with phrase «studying human neurons»

Krainc and his colleagues showed this is due to differences in metabolism of dopamine between species, and underscored the importance of studying human neurons to discover new targets for drug development.

Not exact matches

Panksepp saw that human emotions and emotional problems could be explored by studying other mammals — how their brains generated emotions akin to the anger, sadness and joy that humans describe, what neurons and neural circuits were involved.

This study was conducted in samples taken from rat brains, but sleep is thought to induce backward firing in human neurons, too.

For example, animal studies have shown that neurons derived in the lab from human embryonic stem cells improve Parkinson's symptoms; however, any residual stem cells associated with those neurons could form masses of unwanted cells.

85 Billion Estimated number of cells in the human brain that are not neurons, according to a 2009 study by Brazilian neuroscientists.

The 2009 book The Playful Brain: Venturing to the limits of neuroscience, for example, reviewed many studies showing that playful activity leads to the growth of more connections between neurons, particularly in the frontal lobe — the part of the brain responsible for uniquely human higher mental functions.

Human brains are constantly processing data to make statistical assessments that translate into the feeling we call confidence, according to a study published in Neuron.

Harding also argues that because rodent studies suggest that these animals do lose neurons to alcohol, they may be unreliable models for the human hippocampus.

But recent studies in both humans and lab mice have suggested that motor neurons in the brain — the upper motor neurons — may be involved in disease progression, although the extent and significance of this involvement has remained unknown.

Dr Jeffrey Donlea, one of the lead authors of the study, explains: «There is a similar group of neurons in a region of the human brain.

Now, a study in rats pinpoints the «tickle center» of the mammalian brain, showing for the first time that stimulating neurons in that region can elicit a paroxysm of ultrasonic squeaks, the rat version of human laughter.

«Neurons become increasingly more complex in their extensions and connections as the brain matures, and the maturational delays reported previously in animal models and human behavioral studies of iron deficiency would predict that lower iron intake would produce neurons in cortical gray matter that are structurally less complex and more imNeurons become increasingly more complex in their extensions and connections as the brain matures, and the maturational delays reported previously in animal models and human behavioral studies of iron deficiency would predict that lower iron intake would produce neurons in cortical gray matter that are structurally less complex and more imneurons in cortical gray matter that are structurally less complex and more immature.

Fiez, who studies the neuroscience of reading, says those features may tap into how our eyes and brains process images: Neurons fire faster at the site of objects that display vertical symmetry — like human faces — and horizontal and vertical lines, which are common in natural landscapes.

The new study — published October 18, 2016 in the journal Molecular Psychiatry — combined genetic analysis of more than 9,000 human psychiatric patients with brain imaging, electrophysiology, and pharmacological experiments in mutant mice to suggest that mutations in the gene DIXDC1 may act as a general risk factor for psychiatric disease by interfering with the way the brain regulates connections between neurons.

The virtual world used in the study was very similar to virtual reality environments used by humans, and neurons in a rat's brain would be very hard to distinguish from neurons in the human brain, Mehta said.

Caleb Finch, a neurobiologist who studies Alzheimer's at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles, points out that in human brains, amyloid plaques are associated with neuron death, which wasn't measured in the new study.

The study, published Feb. 16 in PLOS Biology, made use of a mutant zebrafish strain that models human Hirschsprung disease, which is caused by loss of the gut neurons that coordinate gut contractions.

Researchers at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies recently found that the DNA sequence in human neurons can vary not only from that of the rest of the body but even from one brain cell to the next.

After conducting studies in both humans and mice, the researchers said this new schizophrenia risk gene, called C4, appears to be involved in eliminating the connections between neurons — a process called «synaptic pruning,» which, in humans, happens naturally in the teen years.

In a new study, published 11 August in Science, researchers classified neurons from mouse and human brain tissue by their methylation patterns.

For the new study, the team used a cell - reprogramming technique (similar to those used to reprogram skin cells into stem cells) to generate human DRG - type sensory neurons from ordinary skin cells called fibroblasts.

The discovery allows this broad class of human neurons and their sensory mechanisms to be studied relatively easily in the laboratory.

The three - year study conducted by McLean researchers points to specific neuroanatomical changes in human subjects with these illnesses, and specifically to neurons that regulate anxiety and stress response, according to Harry Pantazopoulos, PhD, assistant neuroscientist at McLean's Translational Neuroscience Laboratory and instructor in psychiatry at Harvard Medical School.

The study, «Facilitation of axon regeneration by enhancing mitochondrial transport and rescuing energy deficits,» which has been published in The Journal of Cell Biology, suggests potential new strategies to stimulate the regrowth of human neurons damaged by injury or disease.

The feat means that scientists now can relatively easily study DRG sensory neurons derived from many different people, to better understand the diversity of human sensory responses and sensory disorders and advance a «personalized medicine» approach.

Despite dolphins» obvious intelligence and social aptitude, anatomical studies of their gray matter revealed an indistinct muddle of neurons, nothing like the specialized, refined structures found in human brains.

Skin cells from bonobos (pigmy chimps) were reprogrammed to pluripotent stem cells, an advance that allows scientists to study the differences between the neurons of humans and chimps.

«If we can find a way to target those neurons in humans, maybe we can reduce the «high» produced by the drug and reduce the withdrawal symptoms,» said Olivier George, assistant professor at TSRI and senior author of the new study.

The technique makes it possible to study motor neurons of the human central nervous system in the lab.

A study published in Neuron in February revealed that the variety of fat molecules found in the human neocortex, the brain region responsible for advanced cognitive functions such as language, evolved at an exceptionally fast rate after the human - ape split.

Dr. Sonntag studies this concept on the molecular and cellular level using a translational research approach that integrates the analysis of human material, such as postmortem brains, primary cell systems, and neural cell populations generated from patients» - or healthy individuals» - derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), or induced neurons (iNs), in combination with molecular, biochemistry, and lentivirus - mediated gene - engineering technologies.

A new study takes a comparative approach to pinpoint what happens differently in humans versus other animals to explain why they can successfully regenerate neurons while we instead form scar tissue.

In this context, Dr. Woo's work focuses on deepening the understanding of these mechanisms based on postmortem human brains and animal studies using a variety of protein and gene expression techniques, in addition to the utilization of differentiated human neurons.

In the study, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the scientists used both rat neurons and human neurons created from induced pluripotent stem cells.

Enriched population of PNS neurons derived from human embryonic stem cells as a platform for studying peripheral neuropathies.

In their study «D - Serine and Serine Racemase are Localized to Neurons in the Adult Mouse and Human Forebrain,» the lab utilized SR deficient (SR - / --RRB- mice, which have < 15 % of normal D - serine levels, to validate and optimize a D - serine immunohistochemical method.

Recently, his lab used induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells — adult cells made to act like embryonic stem cells — made from skin cells of patients carrying apoE4, or other mutations related to Alzheimer's, to study their effects on the development, survival, and degeneration of human neurons.

Using iPSC - derived human DA neurons from opioid - dependent subjects to study dopamine dynamics Sheng Y, Filichia E, Shick E, Preston KL, Phillips KA, Cooperman L, Lin Z, Tesar P, Hoffer B, Luo Y. Brain and Behavior.

Other studies have found that, within the brain, the abundance of expressed genes per neuron appears to be greater in humans.

Intense and specialized dendritic localization of the fragile X mental retardation protein in binaural brainstem neurons: A comparative study in the alligator, chicken, gerbil, and human.

Intense and specialized dendritic localization of the fragile X mental retardation protein in binaural brainstem neurons — a comparative study in the Alligator, Chicken, Gerbil, and Human.

Her lab is using stem cells to study the function of the disease - causing gene and to generate human neurons suitable for transplantation and pharmacological screening.

The study used three cell types: human motor neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells, rat cortical cultures, and human breast cancer cells.

Most of the study's experiments were done in the roundworm C. elegans, which have an SMN gene and motor neurons — those that connect to muscle — that are very similar to humans, making them valuable models in which to study this disease.

GIND investigator Li Gan, PhD, and her collaborators studied the development of neurons born in the hippocampus of adult mice genetically engineered to produce high levels of human Aβ in the brain.

Dr. Pfaff has developed a novel embryonic - stem cell - based model of SMA that phenocopies the pathology of human SMA, and can be used to study the basis of the disease and screen for compounds that might increase survival of motor neurons.

The ability to obtain neurons directly and non-invasively from human individuals of different age groups will offer opportunities to study intrinsic cellular properties... >> MORE

The team used genetically engineered mice to study the effects of different human apoE variants on the maturation of neural stem cells or progenitor cells, from which new neurons develop in the adult brain.

The group is studying how neurons respond to light by implanting fiber - optic threads the width of a human hair into the brains of lab mice.

We are using a new technique, called single cell RNA sequencing, to isolate thousands of single neurons from human brain tissue, study all the genes that are expressed in each individual cell, and make cell - to - cell comparisons between normal, early stage and late stage AD.