Sentences with phrase «subbituminous coal»
Subbituminous coal is a type of coal that is less carbon-rich and slightly lower in energy content compared to other types of coal. It is formed from plant remains that have been subjected to less heat and pressure over time. Full definition
Production of subbituminous coal in Wyoming more than compensated for this decline in terms of volume and — according to its stated reserves — this trend can continue for another 10 to 15 years.
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By contrast, the share for subbituminous coal rose from 18 percent in 1980 to 25 percent in 1992, while the share for lignite grew from 6 percent to 9 percent.
Wyoming produces the vast majority of subbituminous coal in the U.S.
Of the plants without scrubbers, the ones burning subbituminous coal generated 69 % of the electricity while only emitting 48 % of the associated emissions in 2010 (see chart).
A ton of subbituminous coal from Montana (reserves estimated at 100 billion tons) contains between 8000 and 11000 btus per pound so I use 22 million btus per ton.
(20) Subbituminous coal rose from 24 percent in 1980 to 31 percent in 1992, and lignite grew from 7 to 10 percent during the period.
The emission factor for Alaska subbituminous coal was derived from information obtained from the sole producer of coal in Alaska.
The mix of rank and origin of coal consumed in the United States has changed substantially in the past two decades, reflecting shifts to Western low - sulfur subbituminous coal and lignite, predominantly for electricity generation.
Subbituminous: Generally used for electricity generation, subbituminous coal contains 35 % to 45 % carbon.
A major component of U.S. coal production, subbituminous coal makes up 47 % of U.S. coal production by weight and 41 % by energy intensity.
Although subbituminous coal has the second lowest energy content, large quantities are found in thick beds near the surface, resulting in low mining cost and, correspondingly, lower prices.
Freedom Mine is the only top 10 mine not in the Powder River Basin, and is also the only lignite mine, while the other nine mine subbituminous coal.
While Wyoming produces the most coal in the United States, long rail transport distances, limited Pacific Ocean coal export capacity, and the lower energy content of subbituminous coal place some limits on utilization.
Bituminous coal is concentrated in the eastern half of the U.S, while subbituminous coal can be found in the west.
In terms of U.S. coal classification, the international classification of brown coal includes lignite and lower - ranked subbituminous coal, whereas hard coal includes all higher rank coals.
By comparison, the coal deposits in the West are largely subbituminous coals, which have relatively high emission factors.
Further changes are expected in the coming years, especially due to the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, which will encourage switches from high - sulfur Eastern bituminous coal to low - sulfur Western subbituminous coal.
This is the same as for subbituminous coal in Colorado, but slightly below that in Montana.
10The EIA Coal Analysis File did not contain data for bituminous coal in Texas, subbituminous coal in Alaska and New Mexico, or lignite in Arkansas, California, and Louisiana.
However, due to the lower energy content of subbituminous coal, US coal production in terms of energy has already peaked 5 years ago — it is unclear whether this trend can be reversed.
As one of the safest coal producers in the nation, Cloud Peak Energy mines low sulfur, subbituminous coal and provides logistics supply services.
The total of scheduled coal - fired generating capacity retirements is split between 10.2 GW of bituminous coal and 2.8 GW of subbituminous coal.
Subbituminous coal has the lowest sulfur content of the three main coal types, so plants that burn subbituminous coals have been less likely to add scrubbers.
Generally, bituminous coal and lignite coal have higher sulfur content than subbituminous coal, but this can vary by region.
The (arithmetic) average emission factors obtained from the individual samples (assuming complete combustion)(Table FE4)(10) confirm the long - recognized finding that anthracite emits the largest amount of carbon dioxide per million Btu, followed by lignite, subbituminous coal, and bituminous coal.
(11) In pounds of carbon dioxide per million Btu, U.S. average factors are 227.4 for anthracite, 216.3 for lignite, 211.9 for subbituminous coal, and 205.3 for bituminous coal.
EIA's first reported emission factors by coal rank, published in Electric Power Annual 1990, DOE / EIA -0348 (90)(Washington, DC, January 1992), p. 124, were as follows: anthracite, 209; bituminous coal, 209; subbituminous coal, 219; and lignite, 213.
The lowest emission factor for subbituminous coal is in Utah (207.1) and the highest is in Alaska (214.0).
Subbituminous coal is the predominant rank of coal produced west of the Mississippi River, accounting for 62 percent of the region's total coal output in 1992.
Subbituminous coal in Wyoming's Powder River Basin, the principal source of this rank of coal, has an emission factor of 212.7 pounds of carbon dioxide per million Btu.
11For the coal analyzed in the EIA Coal Analysis File, the average hydrogen content was as follows, by weight (dry basis): anthracite, 2.5 percent; bituminous coal, 5.0 percent; subbituminous coal, 4.8 percent; and lignite, 4.4 percent.
In the USA, the recent standard for reserves is all seams greater than 28 inches (approx. 70 cm) thick for anthracite and bituminous coal and greater than 60 inches (approx. 150 cm) thick for subbituminous coal and lignite.