Sentences with word «subclone»

We developed and implemented such a nomenclature for the European human pluripotent stem cell registry (hPSCreg), which needs to: 1) unambiguously identify a registered cell line; 2) allow tracing of subclones of a particular line; and 3) enable the assignment of different lines to a specific donor origin.

Because epigenetic changes affect gene activity, the research team categorized the affected genes by function to see if the changes might have specific consequences among different subclones from the same patient.

Patients often have multiple versions of the cancer, called subclones, which have different mutations, and the researchers wanted to find if the expression levels of RNA correlated with the different mutations.

Thus even the rare subclones carry driver mutations that contribute to cancer cell survival.

Hence, the study was the first to show that cancers can be dependent on cooperation between tumor subclones for maintenance and growth.

It was known that colorectal tumours contain subclones that react differently to treatment; however, until now it has not been possible to study single cells from tumours and normal tissue to get an accurate picture.

However, in some cases it seems that no single subclone can achieve dominance on its own.

We see extensive variability in genomes among tumours of different tissue types, among different patients within a tissue type and among subclones within a given patient's cancer.

Cooperation between subclones could provide a stabilizing force that preserves tumor cell diversity.»

Subclones with the best evolutionary fitness will, in time, come to dominate the population.

Cancer is a powerful micro-system to study evolution, since subclones of cells have a mixture of shared and private somatic mutations and compete with one another to grow.

Are these simply passenger mutations that arose from a surviving subclone from the original tumor, or are they key drivers of metastasis and tumor growth?

Yet there were numerous different subclone haplotype — one came to dominate, but the others persisted as well.

Researchers have long known that these mutant subclones aggressively compete with one another to become the dominant tumor cell population.

Cells from the founding clone sometimes acquired additional cooperating mutations (e.g. FLT3), yielding subclones that may have contributed to progression or relapse.

As distant sites of disease may represent aggressive subclones that disseminated from the primary tumor, it is plausible that these clones involved additional genetic derangements that allowed their systemic dissemination.

Then, the remaining subclone acquired new mutations and took the others» place, dooming the patient to relapse.

It could also help in the clinic by indicating combinations of drugs or other treatments that offer a better chance of killing all present subclones, either in one shot or over time.

To answer how a cell becomes resistant to chemotherapy, one must understand that cancer often begins with a clone - a single mutated cell that either can be destroyed by the immune system, or mutated further as subclones, genetic aberrations resulting in an ever - evolving cellular pathway to cancer.

«A major gap in knowledge is whether chemoresistance arises due to the selection and expansion of pre-existing subclones called adaptive resistance or through new mutations resulting from the chemotherapy, a phenomenon known as acquired resistance,» said Navin.

Crude genomic DNA extracts (gDNA) of 78 AID - negative Amrose subclones were prepared by incubation of cell pellets of app.

The more rare subclones we can detect, the more mutations we can find, and the better we can come to understand the complex set of disease mechanisms that play a role in cancer.

The mammary tumors frequently contained two distinct subclones — one produced Wnt1 while the other did not.

Cancers contain genetically different subpopulations of cells, called subclones.

These «tumor subclones» are often very relevant as the tumor evolves (especially during treatment).

We knew before that cancers contained subclones, but this is the first time that anyone has shown that each cell in a tumour is different.»

But tumors from patients with distant metastases to the lung and liver showed massive epigenetic changes that mapped to large, blocklike segments of the genome, both in the distant metastases themselves and in the section, or «subclone,» of the primary tumors they came from.

Prof Tony Green, an author from the Wellcome Trust - MRC Stem Cell Institute and Cambridge University, said: «The SC3 tool was able to use patterns of gene expression to distinguish, within an individual cancer, subclones that carried different mutations.

The discovery was made by developing a mouse model of the disease that enabled researchers to track which of 15 genetic groups — or subclones — of myeloma cells spread beyond their initial site in the animals» hind legs.

By labeling the different subgroups with fluorescent dyes, researchers determined that just one of the subclones was responsible for the disease metastasis.

This suggests that every subclone persisting in the population picked up at least one additional mutation that gave it a competitive advantage.

«No single subclone seems to be capable of gaining the upper hand, leading us to wonder whether subclones might be working together in some instances.

Thus, two subclones of the tumor in AML35 both acquired activating mutations of IDH2 at the same residue but by different mutations.

These findings reinforce many things that we already know: that mutations acquire gradually with age, that most of the mutations in AML (and likely other tumors) are random background events not contributing to tumorigenesis, and that subsequent mutation and evolution can give rise to subclones that ultimately determine cancer progression and response to therapy.

As sensitive as it is, it still allows some variants, and thus some subclones, to fly under the radar.

Whether identifying rare subclones missed by standard bulk sequencing, or identifying co-mutation patterns in subclones, Tapestri Single - Cell DNA Panels can be applied across a wide number of applications, including hematologic malignancies, solid tumor profiling, and genome editing programs.

Many doctors had long believed that leukemia was a relatively simple disease typically involving just one «subclone,» or cancer genome.

One of the subclones had lurked in her bone marrow at low levels until the first round of chemotherapy treatment wiped out the others.

The subclones were tested in normal CM and CM containing 0.5 µg / ml mycophenolic acid for their sensitivity to this drug.