However, one potential criticism is that the model (the Cane - Zebiak model) does not allow for important extratropical feedbacks such as
subducting water masses from the extratropics that eventually can influence the equatorial Pacific thermocline.
However, one potential criticism is that the model (the Cane - Zebiak model) does not allow for important extratropical feedbacks such as
subducting water masses from the extratropics that eventually can influence the equatorial Pacific thermocline.
The back radiation which is entrained into the ocean bulk by wave action is minimal, because wave action
subducts water which is well below the level back radiation can penetrate to (little more than its own wavelength).
Not exact matches
Jones and his colleagues propose the
water came from the
subducting Farallon oceanic plate under the Pacific Ocean 75 to 45 million years ago.
That's because the rising magma that produced the lavas probably mixed with upper mantle rocks, which have been contaminated with isotopically heavy surface
water that got dragged down by
subducting slabs of tectonic plates.
As the
subducting plate sinks deeper into the earth, it encounters higher and higher temperatures and pressures, which release the significant amount of
water trapped in waterrich minerals that exist within the slab.
In contrast, off the coast of central Oregon, the thick layer of
subducting sediments are less compact, with
water in the pore space between the grains.
The warm Atlantic
water was saltier, and therefore heavier and
subducted at depth and reached to the bottom, actually heating up beneath a lid of ice and melt
water, that prevented the release of heat to the atmosphere.
Water migrates upwards and causes the top of the
subducted oceanic crust to melt, producing magma beneath the Cascade volcanoes.
Hydration reactions along the
subducting plate are thought to carry
water deep into the Earth, and dehydration reactions at greater depths release fluids into the overlying mantle that promote melting and volcanism.
Song and team believe that it may be
subducted oceanic crust at unusually high levels of
water saturation.
In subtropical regions, its source
waters are typically surface
waters at higher latitudes that have
subducted and moved equatorward.
Some of the warm
water would be
subducted by Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation / Thermohaline Circulation, some would be carried by ocean currents into the Arctic Ocean where it would melt sea ice, and the remainder would be spun southward by the North Atlantic gyre toward the tropics so it could be warmed more by the effects of the slower - than - normal trade winds.
As this heat moves counter-clockwise around the Arctic Ocean to the north of Siberia and Alaska, it
subducts, that is, it is covered by cold
water that floats above the warm Atlantic
water.
Also, it needs to be understood that eastern boundary currents are part of this meridional overturning circulation (transport and upwelling of
water originating as polar
water previously
subducted)
However, it must be borne in mind that the MOC can also include shallower, wind - driven overturning cells such as occur in the upper ocean in the tropics and subtropics, in which warm (light)
waters moving poleward are transformed to slightly denser
waters and
subducted equatorward at deeper levels.