The bottom line: All Cascadia residents should prepare to experience
a subduction zone quake in their lifetimes.
In contrast to more common shallow and deep earthquakes,
a subduction zone quake will generate a destructive tsunami, a series of waves up to 30 feet (10 m) high that will hit the Cascadia coast and travel across the Pacific Ocean toward Alaska, Hawaii and Asia.
Not exact matches
Combining the 19th - century records of such effects with modern earthquake models helped Beauducel and Feuillet pin down both the
quake's magnitude and the location of the fault rupture, the spot where the
subduction zone tore apart.
Given that the last big
quake was 312 years ago, one might argue that a very bad day on the Cascadia
Subduction Zone is ominously overdue.
In the early 1980s, two Caltech geophysicists, Tom Heaton and Hiroo Kanamori, compared Cascadia to active
quake - prone
subduction zones along the coasts of Chile and Alaska and to the Nankai Trough off the coast of Japan.
In 1964 a region of this same tectonic clash, called the Alaska — Aleutian
Subduction Zone, produced the magnitude 9.2 «Good Friday» earthquake, the second - strongest
quake ever recorded.
This regularity could shed light on the workings of tectonic plate boundaries called
subduction zones, and it might even turn out to herald a season of heightened risk for larger
quakes.
The study found compact sediments along the coast of Washington and northern Oregon, a result that suggests that the area could be more prone to producing larger
quakes than
subduction zone areas farther south with less compact sediments.
In particular, they found that big, destructive
quakes may have a better chance of occurring offshore of Washington and northern Oregon than farther south along the
subduction zone — although any large
quake would impact the surrounding area.
A new study led by The University of Texas at Austin has found that the occurrence of these big, destructive
quakes and associated devastating tsunamis may be linked to compact sediments along large portions of the
subduction zone.
These three swarms seem to have prepared the
subduction zone to rupture in the big 1 April
quake, says Onno Oncken, a geophysicist at the German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam.
Subduction zones are noted for producing some of the biggest earthquakes — the 2004 Indian Ocean quake also arose from a subduc
Subduction zones are noted for producing some of the biggest earthquakes — the 2004 Indian Ocean
quake also arose from a
subductionsubduction zone.
If the
subduction zone near Sendai can produce a great
quake, then other areas with similarly old ocean crust might too, says Okal, who says that Tonga and the northeastern Caribbean are regions to look at more closely.
The
subduction zone along the western edge of South America, where the Nazca plate slides eastward beneath the South American plate at an average rate of about 6.5 centimeters per year, can indeed generate massive
quakes.
And in April 2014, a Chilean
quake ruptured a far shorter portion of a
subduction zone than scientists had expected.
The recent spate of great
subduction -
zone quakes, of magnitude 8 or larger, began with the 2004 Sumatra earthquake.
That variety implies that almost any scenario is possible in another part of the Pacific Rim where
quake risk is thought to be high — along the Cascadia
subduction zone offshore of Washington, Oregon, and other parts of the western United States and Canada.