Initially a research project of the personal story about the life of her relatives who underwent one aspect of (in) visibility during World War II, Charlott Markus soon came to the realisation that this subject has many substages, inheres
subjective experiences which depend on so many factors, in corollary, can not simply be seen from and by a single perspective.
There are levels of
subjective experience which intervene between the togetherness of organic structures and the togetherness of unified focal attention.
Not exact matches
Given the absence of a public trading market of our common stock, and in accordance with the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Accounting and Valuation Guide, Valuation of Privately - Held Company Equity Securities Issued as Compensation, our board of directors exercised reasonable judgment and considered numerous and
subjective factors to determine the best estimate of fair value of our common stock, including independent third - party valuations of our common stock; the prices at
which we sold shares of our convertible preferred stock to outside investors in arms - length transactions; the rights, preferences, and privileges of our convertible preferred stock relative to those of our common stock; our operating results, financial position, and capital resources; current business conditions and projections; the lack of marketability of our common stock; the hiring of key personnel and the
experience of our management; the introduction of new products; our stage of development and material risks related to our business; the fact that the option grants involve illiquid securities in a private company; the likelihood of achieving a liquidity event, such as an initial public offering or a sale of our company given the prevailing market conditions and the nature and history of our business; industry trends and competitive environment; trends in consumer spending, including consumer confidence; and overall economic indicators, including gross domestic product, employment, inflation and interest rates, and the general economic outlook.
Except as otherwise noted, the Compensation Committee's executive compensation determinations are
subjective and the result of the Compensation Committee's business judgment,
which is informed by the
experiences of the members of the Compensation Committee as well as the input from, and peer group data provided by, the Compensation Committee's independent executive compensation consultant.
The solution remains mathematically deficient in an important sense until the mathematician has spelled it out, i.e., has set it out in an explicit, discursive form
which stands on its own merits, independent of the particular
subjective experience whose objective content the mathematician has sought to display in the explicit formulae.
Whitehead himself describes the utterance of the phrase «United Fruit Company»; «The final occasion of his
experience which drove his body to the utterance of the word «Company» is only explicable by his concern with the earlier occasions with their
subjective forms of intention to procure the utterance of the complete phrase» (AI 234f).
There exists a difference between both, but not in the difference of the object (the religion, the cosmology), rather in the «
subjective form» of the
experience, i.e., the way in
which the «object» is assumed.
«Nothing is to be received into the philosophical scheme
which is not discoverable as an element in
subjective experience» (PR 166).»
It also accepts Hume's doctrine that nothing is to be received into the philosophical scheme
which is not discoverable as an element in
subjective experience» (PR 253).
Both posit a «monadology» in
which the conditions for
experience are
subjective and radically plural.
Prehension, therefore, is much more compatible with the concept of fungierende Intentionalität («operative,» or I prefer «primordial,» intentionality),
which is inherent in a Lebenswelt and
which is the condition for all
subjective experience.
From this perspective, the therapist can then share with the patient an alternative
subjective aim, or else an awareness of the extent to
which negative prehensions might be excluding relevant factors of the patient's
experience.
There are contexts in
which we want to speak of an individual existing through time — certainly our
subjective experience prompts us to speak in this manner.
I am concerned here only with the general structural character of the
subjective forms of the physical feelings in
which religious
experience is grounded.
The generic characterization of the
subjective forms
which I describe in the next section as active in the formation of religious
experience should be understood as depending upon, and leaving room for, a wide variety of historical embodiments, each with its own individual qualitative response.
Their
subjective forms indicate the qualitative ways in
which the subject
experiences the energy of physical feelings.
Religious
experience has an organic structure
which can be analyzed in terms of the physical and conceptual feelings correlative to the generality of values perceived, and the
subjective forms appropriate to each feeling element.
A second way in
which the transitions of the self are disclosed is through the memory of past
subjective experiences.
In fact, in spite of his insisting that most actual occasions are unconscious (and that there is much that is unconscious even in that series of actual occasions
which constitute our successive mental states), his talk of their
experience or feeling of themselves, the influence of their predecessors, and their
subjective immediacy seems pointless unless each of them is supposed to feel its own being, in some genuine sense, however dimly, so that there is a truth as to what - it - is - like - being - it.
Now it is exactly in situations like this — according to the standard account of orthodox Whiteheadians — that God is supposed to lure the world, by means of what he proffers to actual occasions via
subjective aims, toward that falling out of events
which will make his future
experience most positive.
The hybrid physical feeling of God,
which is (on the traditional Whiteheadian account) the
subjective aim for any particular occasion of the young woman s
experience, is also a prehension of the past from
which she inherits — it is, after all, a physical feeling.
Whitehead's method, in part, is to analyze these occasions of
subjective experience in order to find factors capable of being generalized into principles applicable to all actual entities: «In describing the capacities, realized or unrealized, of an actual occasion, we have... tacitly taken human
experience as an example upon
which to found the generalized description required for metaphysics» (PR 172).
In this situation how could we give meaningful content to the idea that God extends
subjective aims to the various actors in the little drama we have constructed, that is, provides
subjective aims
which have the potential, at least, to affect the outcome of events, and have, therefore, the potential to affect the character of God's future
experience?
It is its own value and meaning, and no other,
which is affirmed, contrasted, deepened, and intensified in this trans - individual and even transpersonal widening of
experience, for throughout the transformation it contributes its particular
subjective pattern to the way that whole is being
experienced.
An essential factor in every prehension is its «
subjective form — the affective tone with
which that subject now
experiences that object.
«These lectures will be best understood by noting the following list of prevalent habits of thought,
which are repudiated, in so far as concerns their influence on philosophy:... (vii) The Kantian doctrine of the objective world as a theoretical construct from purely
subjective experience» (PR xiii [x]-RRB-.
Such
experiences themselves are evidence for the further claim that there are more
subjective aesthetic reponses than those
which can be called propositional feelings.
If there is only 1 way, but there is no absolute objective standard, only
subjective experience, how can we know
which one is the right way?
Dewey calls this value «quality,» but by the term he means neither mathematical nor secondary qualities; he uses the term to refer, first, to the wholeness or deeper reality, in some aspect of the world, often as that wholeness is presented in a work of art. 24 If this were called the objective locus of quality, the
subjective locus would be the emotional intuition of the objective quality; this
subjective quality gives the
experience itself the unity
which makes it that particular
experience.25 It is this empirical discernment of quality
which provides the substance of the derivative and propositional resolution of the conflict between the individual and its environment.
Proust's world was preponderantly made up of
subjective emotions and objective observations, whereas Dostoievsky and Blake first participated fully in what they
experienced and only later attained the distance
which enabled them to enter into an artistic relationship with it and give it symbolic and artistic expression.
I am aware of my (spiritual)
experiences, but I only have guesses as to what may have happened (if anything at all apart from my
subjective «engagements»), no less accurate language to begin to articulate that
which I'm pretty sure I had little clue as to what actually may have happened.
If McHenry is correct, and every volume has
subjective experience, then the reading of Science and the Modern World to
which Ford has drawn me is wrong.
The integration of this
experience is essentially determined by God's all - embracing, permanent
subjective aim (his aim for his ongoing self),
which is to realize all possible forms of definiteness and thus to achieve an absolute intensity of
experience (PR 345 / 523).
Briefly, actual occasions are integral drops of
experience which, in an episode of
subjective immediacy, experientially gather the antecedent world into a novel, concrete unity (MT 205ff.).
But more than that, all
experience is
experienced eminently and, unlike creaturely
experience which is characterized by the perpetual perishing of the
subjective immediacy of momentary
experience, all
experience is preserved everlastingly.
She says, «The type of immortality
which a process conceptuality suggests is
subjective, retaining the living
experience of the entity, but it transcends personality... «11 And she adds,»... the boundaries of personality have been left far behind as pertinent solely to finite existence in the temporal world.
Second, there are basically two organic forms: the vegetative and the animate, the lower of
which manifests a type of «collective» individuality, («a tree is a democracy,» as Whitehead is fond of saying); and the higher animate form, in
which the whole manifests a centrally unified field of
experience wherein «
subjective» individuality is the norm.
With this third trait the distance is further widened between an eschatological interpretation of freedom and an existential interpretation
which contracts it within the
experience of present, interior,
subjective decision.
As we then said, such moments have their «importance» in that they illuminate what has gone before, are in themselves a kind of concentration of what is actually present, and provide new opportunities and possibilities both for understanding (
which is the «
subjective» side) and for that emergence of novelty in concrete
experience (
which guarantees «objectivity»)
which is the occasion for further creative advance as the process continues on its way.
I would not call this
experience an hallucination,
which I take to be purely
subjective in all important respects, having no significant objective referent, but rather a vision, the encounter with a nonperceptual reality made manifest and perceptible by hallucinatory means.
(2) Can we reduce to biology or hope to reduce to biology those
subjective conscious
experiences which we may ascribe to animals, and, if question (1) is answered in the affirmative, can we reduce them further to physics and chemistry?
For on his own principles if there were not some kind of awareness of causal efficacy, there would be no warrant for making statements about it: «Nothing is to be received into the philosophical scheme
which is not discoverable as an element in
subjective experience» (PR 166/253).
In his exposition of Psalm 90 he even used the daring metaphor that the subject of faith was a mathematical point, so far was he from regarding faith as a
subjective experience through
which man's understanding of himself is illuminated, and so exclusively should faith be defined in reference to its object, the extra se of the historic Christ.
Accordingly, on the basis of the empiricist doctrine (
which Whitehead accepts) «that nothing is to be received into the philosophical scheme
which is not discoverable as an element in
subjective experience,» the subjectivist principle entails that the notion of causal influence between actualities must be dismissed (PR 253).
Another meaning of idealism,
which I call epistemological or
subjective idealism, is that when we
experience something, have it as immediate intuitive datum, it is nothing but a quality of our own mental state (Berkeley's or Locke's idea or Hume's impression).
Every occasion of
experience arises in an initial phase in
which there are initial data and the initial phase of the
subjective aim.
In the first phase of a moment of
experience, the previous feeling is received with a
subjective form
which conforms to its own
subjective form.
This conformal, non-orginative phase of
experience,
which «merely transforms the objective content into
subjective feelings,» is said to be «common to all modes of perception» (PR 179, 250).
From a Buddhist perspective, I was clinging to my past selves; as long as I was doing this, I could not be fully present in my current moment of
subjective experiencing or to the environment in
which I was presently living.
The new unity goes deep, It implies a continuity in origin of the
subjective elements of individuals
which we recognize so clearly in our human
experience.